Publications

2021 [ to top ]

• Cours, Jérémy ; Larrieu, Laurent ; Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos ; Müller, Jörg ; Parmain, Guillem ; Thorn, Simon ; Bouget, Christophe: Contrasting responses of habitat conditions and insect biodiversity to pest- or climate-induced dieback in coniferous mountain forests. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 482 (2021)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{COURS2021118811, abstract = {Natural disturbances are major drivers of forest dynamics. However, in the current context of anthropogenic global warming, shifts in disturbance regimes are expected. Natural disturbances usually leave biological or structural legacies which are important for early-successional species. Nevertheless, these legacies are usually eliminated by forest managers through salvage logging. Here, we investigated the consequences of forest dieback and the following salvage logging on both forest habitat conditions and saproxylic beetle communities. We conducted our study in two types of conifer-dominated highland forests: Pyrenean silver fir (Abies alba) which has suffered drought-induced dieback and Bavarian Norway spruce (Picea abies) which has suffered bark beetle-induced (Ips typographus) dieback. In both of the forest contexts, dieback provided a biological legacy through an increase in deadwood resources; however, this increase was much greater in the spruce forests. Nonetheless, despite this increase in resources, neither type of forest gained in total abundance or species richness after disturbance, compared to healthy stands. Nevertheless, the species composition of saproxylic beetle composition was significantly affected by dieback in spruce stands, but not in the silver fir forests. In the spruce plots, saproxylic beetles responded positively to the large increase in deadwood in the declining stands, including a very strong positive response from red-listed species. Saproxylic beetle assemblages in spruce forests were mainly drove by canopy openness and deadwood amount. In the silver fir plots, we did not observed responses from the saproxylic beetle communities to deadwood amount increase. This lack of response may be explained by the relatively low amount of deadwood generated by the drought-induced dieback. Concerning salvage logging, it caused stronger contrasts in spruce forests than in silver fir forests, where it generally had no significant impact. For example, in spruce forests, salvage logging reduced the density of large snags by 91% and large logs by 87% compared with unharvested declining plots. Most of the significant environmental effects on biodiversity associated with dieback were no longer significant after accounting for the salvaged plots in our study data. Then, forest dieback and salvage logging induced much sharper and stronger effects on environmental and community metrics in the spruce than in the silver fir forests. The contrast between Bavaria and the French Pyrenees seems partly related to dieback severity. Finally, we invite forest managers to conserve biological and structural legacies through patches of deadwood-rich areas.}, author = {Cours, Jérémy and Larrieu, Laurent and Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos and Müller, Jörg and Parmain, Guillem and Thorn, Simon and Bouget, Christophe}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {barkbeetles biologicallegacy climatechange deadwood drought earlysuccessionalforest forestdieback myown salvagelogging saproxylicbeetles}, month = {jan}, title = {Contrasting responses of habitat conditions and insect biodiversity to pest- or climate-induced dieback in coniferous mountain forests}, volume = 482, year = 2021 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 COURS2021118811 %A Cours, Jérémy %A Larrieu, Laurent %A Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos %A Müller, Jörg %A Parmain, Guillem %A Thorn, Simon %A Bouget, Christophe %D 2021 %J Forest Ecology and Management %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118811 %T Contrasting responses of habitat conditions and insect biodiversity to pest- or climate-induced dieback in coniferous mountain forests %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112720315802 %V 482 %X Natural disturbances are major drivers of forest dynamics. However, in the current context of anthropogenic global warming, shifts in disturbance regimes are expected. Natural disturbances usually leave biological or structural legacies which are important for early-successional species. Nevertheless, these legacies are usually eliminated by forest managers through salvage logging. Here, we investigated the consequences of forest dieback and the following salvage logging on both forest habitat conditions and saproxylic beetle communities. We conducted our study in two types of conifer-dominated highland forests: Pyrenean silver fir (Abies alba) which has suffered drought-induced dieback and Bavarian Norway spruce (Picea abies) which has suffered bark beetle-induced (Ips typographus) dieback. In both of the forest contexts, dieback provided a biological legacy through an increase in deadwood resources; however, this increase was much greater in the spruce forests. Nonetheless, despite this increase in resources, neither type of forest gained in total abundance or species richness after disturbance, compared to healthy stands. Nevertheless, the species composition of saproxylic beetle composition was significantly affected by dieback in spruce stands, but not in the silver fir forests. In the spruce plots, saproxylic beetles responded positively to the large increase in deadwood in the declining stands, including a very strong positive response from red-listed species. Saproxylic beetle assemblages in spruce forests were mainly drove by canopy openness and deadwood amount. In the silver fir plots, we did not observed responses from the saproxylic beetle communities to deadwood amount increase. This lack of response may be explained by the relatively low amount of deadwood generated by the drought-induced dieback. Concerning salvage logging, it caused stronger contrasts in spruce forests than in silver fir forests, where it generally had no significant impact. For example, in spruce forests, salvage logging reduced the density of large snags by 91% and large logs by 87% compared with unharvested declining plots. Most of the significant environmental effects on biodiversity associated with dieback were no longer significant after accounting for the salvaged plots in our study data. Then, forest dieback and salvage logging induced much sharper and stronger effects on environmental and community metrics in the spruce than in the silver fir forests. The contrast between Bavaria and the French Pyrenees seems partly related to dieback severity. Finally, we invite forest managers to conserve biological and structural legacies through patches of deadwood-rich areas.

2020 [ to top ]

• Thom, Dominik ; Sommerfeld, Andreas ; Sebald, Julius ; Hagge, Jonas ; Müller, Jörg ; Seidl, Rupert: Effects of disturbance patterns and deadwood on the microclimate in European beech forests. In: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology vol. 291 (2020), p. 108066
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thom2020effects, abstract = {More frequent and severe disturbances increasingly open the forest canopy and initiate tree regeneration. Simultaneously, increasing weather extremes, such as drought and heat, are threatening species adapted to cool and moist climate. The magnitude of the microclimatic buffering capacity of forest canopies to mitigate hot and dry weather conditions and its disturbance-induced reduction remains poorly quantified. Also, the influence of disturbance legacies (e.g., deadwood) on forest microclimate is unresolved. In a unique manipulation experiment we investigated (i) the microclimatic buffering capacity of forest canopies in years with different climatic conditions; (ii) the impacts of spatial disturbance patterns on surface light and microclimate; and (iii) the effect of deadwood presence and type on microclimate. Treatments included two disturbance patterns (i.e., aggregated and distributed), four deadwood types (i.e., standing, downed, standing and downed, removed), and one untreated control (i.e., nine treatments in total), replicated at five sites dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southeastern Germany. We measured forest floor light conditions and derived diurnal extremes and variation in temperature (T) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) during four consecutive summer seasons (2016 – 2019). The buffering capacity of intact forest canopies was higher in warm and dry years. Surface light was significantly higher in spatially aggregated disturbance gaps compared to distributed disturbances of similar severity. An increase in surface light by 10 % relative to closed canopies elevated Tmax and VPDmax by 0.42°C and 0.04 kPa, respectively. Deadwood presence and type did not affect the forest microclimate significantly. Microclimatic buffering under forest canopies can dampen the effects of climate change. However, increasing canopy disturbances result in more light penetrating the canopy, reducing the microclimatic buffering capacity of forests. We conclude that forest management should foster microclimatic buffering in forests as one element of a multi-pronged strategy to counter climate change.}, author = {Thom, Dominik and Sommerfeld, Andreas and Sebald, Julius and Hagge, Jonas and Müller, Jörg and Seidl, Rupert}, journal = {Agricultural and Forest Meteorology}, keywords = {adaptiveforestmanagement deadwood disturbancepatterns evaporativecooling latentheat microclimate myown}, pages = 108066, title = {Effects of disturbance patterns and deadwood on the microclimate in European beech forests}, volume = 291, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thom2020effects %A Thom, Dominik %A Sommerfeld, Andreas %A Sebald, Julius %A Hagge, Jonas %A Müller, Jörg %A Seidl, Rupert %D 2020 %J Agricultural and Forest Meteorology %P 108066 %R 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108066 %T Effects of disturbance patterns and deadwood on the microclimate in European beech forests %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192320301684 %V 291 %X More frequent and severe disturbances increasingly open the forest canopy and initiate tree regeneration. Simultaneously, increasing weather extremes, such as drought and heat, are threatening species adapted to cool and moist climate. The magnitude of the microclimatic buffering capacity of forest canopies to mitigate hot and dry weather conditions and its disturbance-induced reduction remains poorly quantified. Also, the influence of disturbance legacies (e.g., deadwood) on forest microclimate is unresolved. In a unique manipulation experiment we investigated (i) the microclimatic buffering capacity of forest canopies in years with different climatic conditions; (ii) the impacts of spatial disturbance patterns on surface light and microclimate; and (iii) the effect of deadwood presence and type on microclimate. Treatments included two disturbance patterns (i.e., aggregated and distributed), four deadwood types (i.e., standing, downed, standing and downed, removed), and one untreated control (i.e., nine treatments in total), replicated at five sites dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southeastern Germany. We measured forest floor light conditions and derived diurnal extremes and variation in temperature (T) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) during four consecutive summer seasons (2016 – 2019). The buffering capacity of intact forest canopies was higher in warm and dry years. Surface light was significantly higher in spatially aggregated disturbance gaps compared to distributed disturbances of similar severity. An increase in surface light by 10 % relative to closed canopies elevated Tmax and VPDmax by 0.42°C and 0.04 kPa, respectively. Deadwood presence and type did not affect the forest microclimate significantly. Microclimatic buffering under forest canopies can dampen the effects of climate change. However, increasing canopy disturbances result in more light penetrating the canopy, reducing the microclimatic buffering capacity of forests. We conclude that forest management should foster microclimatic buffering in forests as one element of a multi-pronged strategy to counter climate change.
• Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Buma, Brian ; Wagenbrenner, Joseph ; Burton, Philip J. ; Lingua, Emanuele ; Marzano, Raffaella ; Thorn, Simon: Tamm review: Does salvage logging mitigate subsequent forest disturbances?. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 481 (2020), p. 118721
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{leverkus2020review, abstract = {After natural forest disturbances such as wildfires, windstorms and insect outbreaks, salvage logging is commonly applied to reduce economic losses and mitigate subsequent disturbance risk. However, this practice is controversial due to its potential ecological impacts, and its capacity to mitigate or increase the risk of subsequent disturbances remains unclear. Salvage logging removes and alters the legacies remaining after natural disturbances, and it produces additional management legacies. Consequently, salvage logging has the potential to alter the functional connection between natural disturbances and also produce new functional connections to additional disturbances. We reviewed the efficacy of salvage logging in mitigating the risk of subsequent wildfire, insect outbreaks, hydrologic disturbances, mass movements, windthrow, browsing, and microclimatic stress. We asked: (1) Does salvage logging modify resistance to subsequent disturbances? (2) Through what mechanisms do such effects operate? Based on 96 publications, salvage logging can reduce total ecosystem fuels but increase small ground fuels and produce drier fuels in the short term, reduce bark beetle host trees and beetle-tree connectivity (though with little evidence for outbreak mitigation), magnify erosion and flood impacts of disturbance but with uncertain watershed-scale implications, increase susceptibility to windthrow at artificially created stand edges, remove the protective function of deadwood in preventing rockfall and avalanches, alter browsing pressure by modifying forage availability and hiding cover for herbivores and predators, and increase microclimatic stress due to greater radiation and temperature fluctuations. We propose a decision-making framework to evaluate the suitability of salvage logging to manage subsequent disturbances. It contemplates the likelihood and impacts of both salvage logging and the subsequent disturbances. In summary, salvage logging does not necessarily prevent subsequent disturbances, and sometimes it may increase disturbance likelihood and magnitude. Forecasting the suitability of salvage logging for management goals requires assessing the mechanisms through which salvage logging effects operate under local conditions, balanced with its impacts as a disturbance itself. Managing to foster the highest-priority functions and services –such as biodiversity conservation, pest mitigation or economic return– across different parts of disturbed forest landscapes based on decision-making procedures such as the one proposed may constitute the best response to uncertain subsequent disturbances.}, author = {Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Buma, Brian and Wagenbrenner, Joseph and Burton, Philip J. and Lingua, Emanuele and Marzano, Raffaella and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {beetleoutbreak compounddisturbance disturbanceinteraction fireprevention linkeddisturbance myown pestcontrol postdisturbancemanagement salvageharvest sanitationloggingcontrol}, pages = 118721, title = {Tamm review: Does salvage logging mitigate subsequent forest disturbances?}, volume = 481, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 leverkus2020review %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Buma, Brian %A Wagenbrenner, Joseph %A Burton, Philip J. %A Lingua, Emanuele %A Marzano, Raffaella %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 118721 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118721 %T Tamm review: Does salvage logging mitigate subsequent forest disturbances? %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112720314900 %V 481 %X After natural forest disturbances such as wildfires, windstorms and insect outbreaks, salvage logging is commonly applied to reduce economic losses and mitigate subsequent disturbance risk. However, this practice is controversial due to its potential ecological impacts, and its capacity to mitigate or increase the risk of subsequent disturbances remains unclear. Salvage logging removes and alters the legacies remaining after natural disturbances, and it produces additional management legacies. Consequently, salvage logging has the potential to alter the functional connection between natural disturbances and also produce new functional connections to additional disturbances. We reviewed the efficacy of salvage logging in mitigating the risk of subsequent wildfire, insect outbreaks, hydrologic disturbances, mass movements, windthrow, browsing, and microclimatic stress. We asked: (1) Does salvage logging modify resistance to subsequent disturbances? (2) Through what mechanisms do such effects operate? Based on 96 publications, salvage logging can reduce total ecosystem fuels but increase small ground fuels and produce drier fuels in the short term, reduce bark beetle host trees and beetle-tree connectivity (though with little evidence for outbreak mitigation), magnify erosion and flood impacts of disturbance but with uncertain watershed-scale implications, increase susceptibility to windthrow at artificially created stand edges, remove the protective function of deadwood in preventing rockfall and avalanches, alter browsing pressure by modifying forage availability and hiding cover for herbivores and predators, and increase microclimatic stress due to greater radiation and temperature fluctuations. We propose a decision-making framework to evaluate the suitability of salvage logging to manage subsequent disturbances. It contemplates the likelihood and impacts of both salvage logging and the subsequent disturbances. In summary, salvage logging does not necessarily prevent subsequent disturbances, and sometimes it may increase disturbance likelihood and magnitude. Forecasting the suitability of salvage logging for management goals requires assessing the mechanisms through which salvage logging effects operate under local conditions, balanced with its impacts as a disturbance itself. Managing to foster the highest-priority functions and services –such as biodiversity conservation, pest mitigation or economic return– across different parts of disturbed forest landscapes based on decision-making procedures such as the one proposed may constitute the best response to uncertain subsequent disturbances.
• Rabl, Dominik ; Gottsberger, Brigitte ; Brehm, Gunnar ; Hofhansl, Florian ; Fiedler, Konrad: Moth assemblages in Costa Rica rain forest mirror small‐scale topographic heterogeneity. In: Biotropica (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{rabl2020assemblages, author = {Rabl, Dominik and Gottsberger, Brigitte and Brehm, Gunnar and Hofhansl, Florian and Fiedler, Konrad}, journal = {Biotropica}, keywords = {abundance centralamerica foresttypes herbivoreinsectassemblages myown orographicheterogeneity speciesdiversity speciesrichness}, title = {Moth assemblages in Costa Rica rain forest mirror small‐scale topographic heterogeneity}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 rabl2020assemblages %A Rabl, Dominik %A Gottsberger, Brigitte %A Brehm, Gunnar %A Hofhansl, Florian %A Fiedler, Konrad %D 2020 %J Biotropica %R 10.1111/btp.12677 %T Moth assemblages in Costa Rica rain forest mirror small‐scale topographic heterogeneity %U https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12677
• Georgiev, Kostadin Bogomilov ; Chao, Anne ; Castro, Jorge ; Chen, Yan-Han ; Choi, Chang-Yong ; Fontaine, Joseph B. ; Hutto, Richard L. ; Lee, Eun-Jae ; Müller, Jörg ; et al.: Salvage logging changes the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional successional trajectories of forest bird communities. In: Journal of Applied Ecology (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{noauthororeditor, author = {Georgiev, Kostadin Bogomilov and Chao, Anne and Castro, Jorge and Chen, Yan-Han and Choi, Chang-Yong and Fontaine, Joseph B. and Hutto, Richard L. and Lee, Eun-Jae and Müller, Jörg and Rost, Josep and Zmihorski, Michal and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {Hillnumbers biodiversity breedingseason forestmanagement harve myown naturaldisturbance successionaltrajectory}, title = {Salvage logging changes the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional successional trajectories of forest bird communities}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Georgiev, Kostadin Bogomilov %A Chao, Anne %A Castro, Jorge %A Chen, Yan-Han %A Choi, Chang-Yong %A Fontaine, Joseph B. %A Hutto, Richard L. %A Lee, Eun-Jae %A Müller, Jörg %A Rost, Josep %A Zmihorski, Michal %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Journal of Applied Ecology %R 10.1111/1365-2664.13599 %T Salvage logging changes the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional successional trajectories of forest bird communities %U https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13599
• Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Gustafsson, Lena ; Lindenmayer, David B. ; Castro, Jorge ; Rey Benayas, José Maria ; Ranius, Thomas ; Thorn, Simon: Salvage logging effects on regulating ecosystem services and fuel loads. In: Frontiers in Ecology and Environment (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{leverkus2020salvage, author = {Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Gustafsson, Lena and Lindenmayer, David B. and Castro, Jorge and Rey Benayas, José Maria and Ranius, Thomas and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Salvage logging effects on regulating ecosystem services and fuel loads}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 leverkus2020salvage %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Gustafsson, Lena %A Lindenmayer, David B. %A Castro, Jorge %A Rey Benayas, José Maria %A Ranius, Thomas %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Frontiers in Ecology and Environment %R 10.1002/fee.2219 %T Salvage logging effects on regulating ecosystem services and fuel loads %U https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2219
• Doerfler, Inken ; Cadotte, Marc. W. ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Müller, Jörg ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Heibl, Christoph ; Bässler, Claus ; Thorn, Simon ; Seibold, Sebastian: Restoration‐oriented forest management affects community assembly patterns of deadwood‐dependent organisms. In: Journal of Applied Ecology (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{doerfler2020restorationoriented, author = {Doerfler, Inken and Cadotte, Marc. W. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Müller, Jörg and Gossner, Martin M. and Heibl, Christoph and Bässler, Claus and Thorn, Simon and Seibold, Sebastian}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {assemblymechanisms beechforest communityweightedmean deadwoodenrichment habitatheterogeneity myown restorationstrategy saproxylicspecies speciestraits}, title = {Restoration‐oriented forest management affects community assembly patterns of deadwood‐dependent organisms}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 doerfler2020restorationoriented %A Doerfler, Inken %A Cadotte, Marc. W. %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Müller, Jörg %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Heibl, Christoph %A Bässler, Claus %A Thorn, Simon %A Seibold, Sebastian %D 2020 %J Journal of Applied Ecology %R 10.1111/1365-2664.13741 %T Restoration‐oriented forest management affects community assembly patterns of deadwood‐dependent organisms %U https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13741
• van Beeck Calkoen, Suzanne T.S. ; Mühlbauer, Lisa ; Andrén, Henrik ; Apollonio, Marco ; Balčiauskas, Linas ; Belotti, Elisa ; Carranza, Juan ; Cottam, Jamie ; Filli, Flurin ; et al.: Ungulate management in European national parks: Why a more integrated European policy is needed. In: Journal of Environmental Management vol. 260 (2020), p. 110068
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{vanbeeckcalkoen2020ungulate, abstract = {1. Primary objectives of national parks usually include both, the protection of natural processes and species conservation. When these objectives conflict, as occurs because of the cascading effects of large mammals (i.e., ungulates and large carnivores) on lower trophic levels, park managers have to decide upon the appropriate management while considering various local circumstances. 2. To analyse if ungulate management strategies are in accordance with the objectives defined for protected areas, we assessed the current status of ungulate management across European national parks using the naturalness concept and identified the variables that influence the management. 3. We collected data on ungulate management from 209 European national parks in 29 countries by means of a large-scale questionnaire survey. Ungulate management in the parks was compared by creating two naturalness scores. The first score reflects ungulate and large carnivore species compositions, and the second evaluates human intervention on ungulate populations. We then tested whether the two naturalness score categories are influenced by the management objectives, park size, years since establishment, percentage of government-owned land, and human impact on the environment (human influence index) using two generalized additive mixed models. 4. In 67.9% of the national parks, wildlife is regulated by culling (40.2%) or hunting (10.5%) or both (17.2%). Artificial feeding occurred in 81.3% of the national parks and only 28.5% of the national parks had a non-intervention zone covering at least 75% of the area. Furthermore, ungulate management differed greatly among the different countries, likely because of differences in hunting traditions and cultural and political backgrounds. Ungulate management was also influenced by park size, human impact on the landscape, and national park objectives, but after removing these variables from the full model the reduced models only showed a small change in the deviance explained. In areas with higher anthropogenic pressure, wildlife diversity tended to be lower and a higher number of domesticated species tended to be present. Human intervention (culling and artificial feeding) was lower in smaller national parks and when park objectives followed those set by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 5. Our study shows that many European national parks do not fulfil the aims of protected area management as set by IUCN guidelines. In contrast to the USA and Canada, Europe currently has no common ungulate management policy within national parks. This lack of a common policy together with differences in species composition, hunting traditions, and cultural or political context has led to differences in ungulate management among European countries. To fulfil the aims and objectives of national parks and to develop ungulate management strategies further, we highlight the importance of creating a more integrated European ungulate management policy to meet the aims of national parks.}, author = {van Beeck Calkoen, Suzanne T.S. and Mühlbauer, Lisa and Andrén, Henrik and Apollonio, Marco and Balčiauskas, Linas and Belotti, Elisa and Carranza, Juan and Cottam, Jamie and Filli, Flurin and Gatiso, Tsegaye T. and Hetherington, David and Karamanlidis, Alexandros A. and Krofel, Miha and Kuehl, Hjalmar S. and Linnell, John D.C. and Müller, Jörg and Ozolins, Janis and Premier, Joseph and Ranc, Nathan and Schmidt, Krzysztof and Zlatanova, Diana and Bachmann, Mona and Fonseca, Carlos and lonescu, Ovidiu and Nyman, Madeleine and Šprem, Nikica and Sunde, Peter and Tannik, Margo and Heurich, Marco}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, keywords = {IUCN european humanintervention myown nationalparks naturalness speciescomposition wildlifemanagement}, pages = 110068, title = {Ungulate management in European national parks: Why a more integrated European policy is needed}, volume = 260, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 vanbeeckcalkoen2020ungulate %A van Beeck Calkoen, Suzanne T.S. %A Mühlbauer, Lisa %A Andrén, Henrik %A Apollonio, Marco %A Balčiauskas, Linas %A Belotti, Elisa %A Carranza, Juan %A Cottam, Jamie %A Filli, Flurin %A Gatiso, Tsegaye T. %A Hetherington, David %A Karamanlidis, Alexandros A. %A Krofel, Miha %A Kuehl, Hjalmar S. %A Linnell, John D.C. %A Müller, Jörg %A Ozolins, Janis %A Premier, Joseph %A Ranc, Nathan %A Schmidt, Krzysztof %A Zlatanova, Diana %A Bachmann, Mona %A Fonseca, Carlos %A lonescu, Ovidiu %A Nyman, Madeleine %A Šprem, Nikica %A Sunde, Peter %A Tannik, Margo %A Heurich, Marco %D 2020 %J Journal of Environmental Management %P 110068 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110068 %T Ungulate management in European national parks: Why a more integrated European policy is needed %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479720300062 %V 260 %X 1. Primary objectives of national parks usually include both, the protection of natural processes and species conservation. When these objectives conflict, as occurs because of the cascading effects of large mammals (i.e., ungulates and large carnivores) on lower trophic levels, park managers have to decide upon the appropriate management while considering various local circumstances. 2. To analyse if ungulate management strategies are in accordance with the objectives defined for protected areas, we assessed the current status of ungulate management across European national parks using the naturalness concept and identified the variables that influence the management. 3. We collected data on ungulate management from 209 European national parks in 29 countries by means of a large-scale questionnaire survey. Ungulate management in the parks was compared by creating two naturalness scores. The first score reflects ungulate and large carnivore species compositions, and the second evaluates human intervention on ungulate populations. We then tested whether the two naturalness score categories are influenced by the management objectives, park size, years since establishment, percentage of government-owned land, and human impact on the environment (human influence index) using two generalized additive mixed models. 4. In 67.9% of the national parks, wildlife is regulated by culling (40.2%) or hunting (10.5%) or both (17.2%). Artificial feeding occurred in 81.3% of the national parks and only 28.5% of the national parks had a non-intervention zone covering at least 75% of the area. Furthermore, ungulate management differed greatly among the different countries, likely because of differences in hunting traditions and cultural and political backgrounds. Ungulate management was also influenced by park size, human impact on the landscape, and national park objectives, but after removing these variables from the full model the reduced models only showed a small change in the deviance explained. In areas with higher anthropogenic pressure, wildlife diversity tended to be lower and a higher number of domesticated species tended to be present. Human intervention (culling and artificial feeding) was lower in smaller national parks and when park objectives followed those set by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 5. Our study shows that many European national parks do not fulfil the aims of protected area management as set by IUCN guidelines. In contrast to the USA and Canada, Europe currently has no common ungulate management policy within national parks. This lack of a common policy together with differences in species composition, hunting traditions, and cultural or political context has led to differences in ungulate management among European countries. To fulfil the aims and objectives of national parks and to develop ungulate management strategies further, we highlight the importance of creating a more integrated European ungulate management policy to meet the aims of national parks.
• Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Thorn, Simon ; Lindenmayer, David B. ; Pausas, Juli G.: Wildfire debate needs science, not politics. In: Sills, J. (ed.) Science vol. 370, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2020), Nr. 6515, pp. 416-417
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{leverkus2020wildfire, author = {Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Thorn, Simon and Lindenmayer, David B. and Pausas, Juli G.}, editor = {Sills, Jennifer}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {myown}, number = 6515, pages = {416-417}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {Wildfire debate needs science, not politics}, volume = 370, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 leverkus2020wildfire %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Thorn, Simon %A Lindenmayer, David B. %A Pausas, Juli G. %D 2020 %E Sills, Jennifer %I American Association for the Advancement of Science %J Science %N 6515 %P 416-417 %R 10.1126/science.abf1326 %T Wildfire debate needs science, not politics %U https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6515/416.2 %V 370
• Kim, Dae-In ; Park, Il-Kook ; Bae, So-Yeon ; Fong, Jonathan J. ; Zhang, Yong-Pu ; Li, Shu-Ran ; Ota, Hidetoshi ; Kim, Jong-Sun ; Park, Dae-Sik: Prediction of present and future distribution of the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) using MaxEnt modeling. In: Journal of Ecology and Environment vol. 44 (2020), Nr. 1
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{noauthororeditor, author = {Kim, Dae-In and Park, Il-Kook and Bae, So-Yeon and Fong, Jonathan J. and Zhang, Yong-Pu and Li, Shu-Ran and Ota, Hidetoshi and Kim, Jong-Sun and Park, Dae-Sik}, journal = {Journal of Ecology and Environment}, keywords = {climatechange distributionrange lizard myown temperatureseasonality urban}, month = {dec}, number = 1, title = {Prediction of present and future distribution of the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) using MaxEnt modeling}, volume = 44, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Kim, Dae-In %A Park, Il-Kook %A Bae, So-Yeon %A Fong, Jonathan J. %A Zhang, Yong-Pu %A Li, Shu-Ran %A Ota, Hidetoshi %A Kim, Jong-Sun %A Park, Dae-Sik %D 2020 %J Journal of Ecology and Environment %N 1 %R 10.1186/s41610-020-0147-y %T Prediction of present and future distribution of the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) using MaxEnt modeling %U https://jecoenv.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41610-020-0147-y %V 44
• Sommerfeld, Andreas ; Rammer, Werner ; Heurich, Marco ; Hilmers, Torben ; Müller, Jörg ; Seidl, Rupert: Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe?. In: Journal of Ecology (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{sommerfeld2020beetle, author = {Sommerfeld, Andreas and Rammer, Werner and Heurich, Marco and Hilmers, Torben and Müller, Jörg and Seidl, Rupert}, journal = {Journal of Ecology}, keywords = {climatechange disturbanceinteractions diversity forestcomposition foreststructure iland myown}, month = {sep}, title = {Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe?}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 sommerfeld2020beetle %A Sommerfeld, Andreas %A Rammer, Werner %A Heurich, Marco %A Hilmers, Torben %A Müller, Jörg %A Seidl, Rupert %D 2020 %J Journal of Ecology %R 10.1111/1365-2745.13502 %T Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe? %U https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13502
• Franke, Sophia ; Brandl, Roland ; Heibl, Christoph ; Mattivi, Angelina ; Müller, Jörg ; Pinkert, Stefan ; Thorn, Simon: Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups. In: Diversity and Distributions vol. 26 (2020), Nr. 10
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{franke2020predicting, author = {Franke, Sophia and Brandl, Roland and Heibl, Christoph and Mattivi, Angelina and Müller, Jörg and Pinkert, Stefan and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, keywords = {crosstaxoncongruence insects landuse myown phylogeneticdiversity regionalscale terrestrialecosystems}, month = {sept}, number = 10, title = {Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups}, volume = 26, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 franke2020predicting %A Franke, Sophia %A Brandl, Roland %A Heibl, Christoph %A Mattivi, Angelina %A Müller, Jörg %A Pinkert, Stefan %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Diversity and Distributions %N 10 %R 10.1111/ddi.13125 %T Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups %U https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13125 %V 26
• Thorn, Simon ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Michler, Thomas ; Müller, Jörg ; F., Noss Reed ; Stork, Nigel ; Vogel, Sebastian ; Lindenmayer, David B.: The living dead: acknowledging life after tree death to stop forest degradation. In: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment vol. 18 (2020), Nr. 9
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thornliving, author = {Thorn, Simon and Seibold, Sebastian and Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Michler, Thomas and Müller, Jörg and F., Noss Reed and Stork, Nigel and Vogel, Sebastian and Lindenmayer, David B.}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment}, keywords = {myown}, month = {sept}, number = 9, title = {The living dead: acknowledging life after tree death to stop forest degradation}, volume = 18, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thornliving %A Thorn, Simon %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Michler, Thomas %A Müller, Jörg %A F., Noss Reed %A Stork, Nigel %A Vogel, Sebastian %A Lindenmayer, David B. %D 2020 %J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %N 9 %R 10.1002/fee.2252 %T The living dead: acknowledging life after tree death to stop forest degradation %U https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2252 %V 18
• Thorn, Simon ; Chao, Anne ; Georgiev, Kostadin B. ; Müller, Jörg ; Bässler, Claus ; Campbell, John L. ; Castro, Jorge ; Chen, Yan-Han ; Choi, Chang-Yong ; et al.: Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity. In: Nature Communications vol. 11 (2020), Nr. 4762
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thorn2020estimating, abstract = {Forests are increasingly affected by natural disturbances. Subsequent salvage logging, a widespread management practice conducted predominantly to recover economic capital, produces further disturbance and impacts biodiversity worldwide. Hence, naturally disturbed forests are among the most threatened habitats in the world, with consequences for their associated biodiversity. However, there are no evidence-based benchmarks for the proportion of area of naturally disturbed forests to be excluded from salvage logging to conserve biodiversity. We apply a mixed rarefaction/extrapolation approach to a global multi-taxa dataset from disturbed forests, including birds, plants, insects and fungi, to close this gap. We find that 75 ± 7% (mean ± SD) of a naturally disturbed area of a forest needs to be left unlogged to maintain 90% richness of its unique species, whereas retaining 50% of a naturally disturbed forest unlogged maintains 73 ± 12% of its unique species richness. These values do not change with the time elapsed since disturbance but vary considerably among taxonomic groups.}, author = {Thorn, Simon and Chao, Anne and Georgiev, Kostadin B. and Müller, Jörg and Bässler, Claus and Campbell, John L. and Castro, Jorge and Chen, Yan-Han and Choi, Chang-Yong and Cobb, Tyler P. and Donato, Daniel C. and Durska, Ewa and Macdonald, Ellen and Feldhaar, Heike and Fontaine, Joseph B. and Fornwalt, Paula J. and Hernández, Raquel María Hernández and Hutto, Richard L. and Koivula, Matti and Lee, Eun-Jae and Lindenmayer, David and Mikusiński, Grzegorz and Obrist, Martin K. and Perlík, Michal and Rost, Josep and Waldron, Kaysandra and Wermelinger, Beat and Weiß, Ingmar and Żmihorski, Michał and Leverkus, Alexandro B.}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {myown}, month = {sept}, number = 4762, title = {Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity}, volume = 11, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thorn2020estimating %A Thorn, Simon %A Chao, Anne %A Georgiev, Kostadin B. %A Müller, Jörg %A Bässler, Claus %A Campbell, John L. %A Castro, Jorge %A Chen, Yan-Han %A Choi, Chang-Yong %A Cobb, Tyler P. %A Donato, Daniel C. %A Durska, Ewa %A Macdonald, Ellen %A Feldhaar, Heike %A Fontaine, Joseph B. %A Fornwalt, Paula J. %A Hernández, Raquel María Hernández %A Hutto, Richard L. %A Koivula, Matti %A Lee, Eun-Jae %A Lindenmayer, David %A Mikusiński, Grzegorz %A Obrist, Martin K. %A Perlík, Michal %A Rost, Josep %A Waldron, Kaysandra %A Wermelinger, Beat %A Weiß, Ingmar %A Żmihorski, Michał %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %D 2020 %J Nature Communications %N 4762 %R 10.1038/s41467-020-18612-4 %T Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity %U https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18612-4 %V 11 %X Forests are increasingly affected by natural disturbances. Subsequent salvage logging, a widespread management practice conducted predominantly to recover economic capital, produces further disturbance and impacts biodiversity worldwide. Hence, naturally disturbed forests are among the most threatened habitats in the world, with consequences for their associated biodiversity. However, there are no evidence-based benchmarks for the proportion of area of naturally disturbed forests to be excluded from salvage logging to conserve biodiversity. We apply a mixed rarefaction/extrapolation approach to a global multi-taxa dataset from disturbed forests, including birds, plants, insects and fungi, to close this gap. We find that 75 ± 7% (mean ± SD) of a naturally disturbed area of a forest needs to be left unlogged to maintain 90% richness of its unique species, whereas retaining 50% of a naturally disturbed forest unlogged maintains 73 ± 12% of its unique species richness. These values do not change with the time elapsed since disturbance but vary considerably among taxonomic groups.
• Vogel, Sebastian ; Bussler, Heinz ; Finnberg, Sven ; Müller, Jörg ; Stengel, Elisa ; Thorn, Simon: Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches. In: Insect Conservation and Diversity (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{vogel2020diversity, author = {Vogel, Sebastian and Bussler, Heinz and Finnberg, Sven and Müller, Jörg and Stengel, Elisa and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, keywords = {deadwood deadwoodenrichment decay forestmanagement hostspecificity myown}, month = {aug}, title = {Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 vogel2020diversity %A Vogel, Sebastian %A Bussler, Heinz %A Finnberg, Sven %A Müller, Jörg %A Stengel, Elisa %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Insect Conservation and Diversity %R 10.1111/icad.12442 %T Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches %U https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12442
• Heidrich, Lea ; Bae, Soyeon ; Levick, Shaun ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Weisser, Wolfgang ; Krzystek, Peter ; Magdon, Paul ; Nauss, Thomas ; Schall, Peter ; et al.: Heterogeneity-diversity relationships differ between and within trophic levels in temperate forests. In: Nature ecology & evolution (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{heidrich2020heterogeneitydiversity, author = {Heidrich, Lea and Bae, Soyeon and Levick, Shaun and Seibold, Sebastian and Weisser, Wolfgang and Krzystek, Peter and Magdon, Paul and Nauss, Thomas and Schall, Peter and Serebryanyk, Alla and Wöllauer, Stephan and Ammer, Christian and Bässler, Claus and Doerfler, Inken and Fischer, Markus and Gossner, Martin M. and Heurich, Marco and Hothorn, Torsten and Jung, Kirsten and Kreft, Holger and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Simons, Nadja and Thorn, Simon and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Nature ecology & evolution}, keywords = {myown}, month = {jul}, title = {Heterogeneity-diversity relationships differ between and within trophic levels in temperate forests}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 heidrich2020heterogeneitydiversity %A Heidrich, Lea %A Bae, Soyeon %A Levick, Shaun %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Weisser, Wolfgang %A Krzystek, Peter %A Magdon, Paul %A Nauss, Thomas %A Schall, Peter %A Serebryanyk, Alla %A Wöllauer, Stephan %A Ammer, Christian %A Bässler, Claus %A Doerfler, Inken %A Fischer, Markus %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Heurich, Marco %A Hothorn, Torsten %A Jung, Kirsten %A Kreft, Holger %A Schulze, Ernst-Detlef %A Simons, Nadja %A Thorn, Simon %A Müller, Jörg %D 2020 %J Nature ecology & evolution %R 10.1038/s41559-020-1245-z %T Heterogeneity-diversity relationships differ between and within trophic levels in temperate forests %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1245-z
• Franke, Sophia ; Brandl, Roland ; Heibl, Christoph ; Mattivi, Angelina ; Müller, Jörg ; Pinkert, Stefan ; Thorn, Simon: Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups. In: Franzén, M. (ed.) Diversity and Distributions (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{franke2020predicting, abstract = {Aim: The protection of phylogenetic diversity has become a priority in conservation biology, but its achievement requires a detailed understanding of (a) hotspots of phylogenetic diversity on a management-relevant scale and (b) the land use and climate factors determining local phylogenetic diversity. In this study, we identified spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and their environmental drivers. Location: Bavaria, Germany. Methods: To map the cross-taxon phylogenetic diversity, we combined species distribution data obtained from country-wide monitoring programmes and phylogenetic trees of birds, bats, dragonflies, grasshoppers and butterflies and calculated the phylogenetic diversity standardized by species richness. Generalized additive models were used to test the effects of land use and climate on phylogenetic diversity. We identified hotspots of phylogenetic diversity and assessed the extent to which established protected areas in Bavaria cover these hotspots. Results: High coverage by urban areas, arable land and water bodies negatively affected the phylogenetic diversity of most species groups. The phylogenetic diversity of birds increased with increasing meadow cover. Climate did not influence the phylogenetic diversity of the studied groups. We identified 10 regional hotspots that contained the highest standardized phylogenetic diversity across the examined species groups. There was a strong mismatch between hotspots of phylogenetic diversity among the species groups. Protected areas (national parks, natural reserves and areas of the Flora-Fauna-Habitat Directive) overlapped only to  9.6% with these hotspots of standardized phylogenetic diversity. Main conclusions: Cross-taxon approaches are required to identify hotspots of phylogenetic diversity at a management-relevant scale. At regional scales, land use was more important than climate in determining phylogenetic diversity. Our study highlights the importance of involving land users into strategies for protecting phylogenetic diversity.}, author = {Franke, Sophia and Brandl, Roland and Heibl, Christoph and Mattivi, Angelina and Müller, Jörg and Pinkert, Stefan and Thorn, Simon}, editor = {Franzén, Markus}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, keywords = {crosstaxoncongruence insects landuse myown phylogeneticdiversity regionalscale terrestrialecosystems}, month = {jul}, title = {Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 franke2020predicting %A Franke, Sophia %A Brandl, Roland %A Heibl, Christoph %A Mattivi, Angelina %A Müller, Jörg %A Pinkert, Stefan %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %E Franzén, Markus %J Diversity and Distributions %R 10.1111/ddi.13125 %T Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups %U https:// doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13125 %X Aim: The protection of phylogenetic diversity has become a priority in conservation biology, but its achievement requires a detailed understanding of (a) hotspots of phylogenetic diversity on a management-relevant scale and (b) the land use and climate factors determining local phylogenetic diversity. In this study, we identified spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and their environmental drivers. Location: Bavaria, Germany. Methods: To map the cross-taxon phylogenetic diversity, we combined species distribution data obtained from country-wide monitoring programmes and phylogenetic trees of birds, bats, dragonflies, grasshoppers and butterflies and calculated the phylogenetic diversity standardized by species richness. Generalized additive models were used to test the effects of land use and climate on phylogenetic diversity. We identified hotspots of phylogenetic diversity and assessed the extent to which established protected areas in Bavaria cover these hotspots. Results: High coverage by urban areas, arable land and water bodies negatively affected the phylogenetic diversity of most species groups. The phylogenetic diversity of birds increased with increasing meadow cover. Climate did not influence the phylogenetic diversity of the studied groups. We identified 10 regional hotspots that contained the highest standardized phylogenetic diversity across the examined species groups. There was a strong mismatch between hotspots of phylogenetic diversity among the species groups. Protected areas (national parks, natural reserves and areas of the Flora-Fauna-Habitat Directive) overlapped only to ~9.6% with these hotspots of standardized phylogenetic diversity. Main conclusions: Cross-taxon approaches are required to identify hotspots of phylogenetic diversity at a management-relevant scale. At regional scales, land use was more important than climate in determining phylogenetic diversity. Our study highlights the importance of involving land users into strategies for protecting phylogenetic diversity.
• Müller, Jörg ; Ulyshen, Mike ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Cadotte, Marc ; Chao, Anne ; Bässler, Claus ; Vogel, Sebastian ; Hagge, Jonas ; Weiß, Ingmar ; et al.: Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent. In: Oikos (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{müller2020primary, abstract = {The evolutionary split between gymnosperms and angiosperms has far‐reaching implications for the current communities colonizing trees. The inherent characteristics of dead wood include its role as a spatially scattered habitat of plant tissue, transient in time. Thus, local assemblages in deadwood forming a food web in a necrobiome should be affected not only by dispersal ability but also by host tree identity, the decay stage and local abiotic conditions. However, experiments simultaneously manipulating these potential community drivers in deadwood are lacking. To disentangle the importance of spatial distance and microclimate, as well as host identity and decay stage as drivers of local assemblages, we conducted two consecutive experiments, a 2‐tree species and 6‐tree species experiment with 80 and 72 tree logs, respectively, located in canopy openings and under closed canopies of a montane and a lowland forest. We sampled saproxylic beetles, spiders, fungi and bacterial assemblages from logs. Variation partitioning for community metrics based on a unified framework of Hill numbers showed consistent results for both studies: host identity was most important for sporocarp‐detected fungal assemblages, decay stage and host tree for DNA‐detected fungal assemblages, microclimate and decay stage for beetles and spiders, and decay stage for bacteria. Spatial distance was of minor importance for most taxa but showed the strongest effects for arthropods. The contrasting patterns among the taxa highlight the need for multi‐taxon analyses in identifying the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of community composition. Moreover, the consistent finding of microclimate as the primary driver for saproxylic beetles compared to host identity shows, for the first time that existing evolutionary host adaptions can be outcompeted by local climate conditions in deadwood.}, author = {Müller, Jörg and Ulyshen, Mike and Seibold, Sebastian and Cadotte, Marc and Chao, Anne and Bässler, Claus and Vogel, Sebastian and Hagge, Jonas and Weiß, Ingmar and Baldrian, Petr and Tláskal, Vojtech and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Oikos}, keywords = {deadwood dispersal forestmanagement habitatfiltering myown woodinhabitingfungi}, month = {jun}, title = {Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 müller2020primary %A Müller, Jörg %A Ulyshen, Mike %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Cadotte, Marc %A Chao, Anne %A Bässler, Claus %A Vogel, Sebastian %A Hagge, Jonas %A Weiß, Ingmar %A Baldrian, Petr %A Tláskal, Vojtech %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Oikos %R 10.1111/oik.07335 %T Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent %U https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07335 %X The evolutionary split between gymnosperms and angiosperms has far‐reaching implications for the current communities colonizing trees. The inherent characteristics of dead wood include its role as a spatially scattered habitat of plant tissue, transient in time. Thus, local assemblages in deadwood forming a food web in a necrobiome should be affected not only by dispersal ability but also by host tree identity, the decay stage and local abiotic conditions. However, experiments simultaneously manipulating these potential community drivers in deadwood are lacking. To disentangle the importance of spatial distance and microclimate, as well as host identity and decay stage as drivers of local assemblages, we conducted two consecutive experiments, a 2‐tree species and 6‐tree species experiment with 80 and 72 tree logs, respectively, located in canopy openings and under closed canopies of a montane and a lowland forest. We sampled saproxylic beetles, spiders, fungi and bacterial assemblages from logs. Variation partitioning for community metrics based on a unified framework of Hill numbers showed consistent results for both studies: host identity was most important for sporocarp‐detected fungal assemblages, decay stage and host tree for DNA‐detected fungal assemblages, microclimate and decay stage for beetles and spiders, and decay stage for bacteria. Spatial distance was of minor importance for most taxa but showed the strongest effects for arthropods. The contrasting patterns among the taxa highlight the need for multi‐taxon analyses in identifying the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of community composition. Moreover, the consistent finding of microclimate as the primary driver for saproxylic beetles compared to host identity shows, for the first time that existing evolutionary host adaptions can be outcompeted by local climate conditions in deadwood.
• Hardulak, Laura A. ; Morinière, Jérome ; Hausmann, Axel ; Hendrich, Lars ; Schmidt, Stefan ; Doczkal, Dieter ; Müller, Jörg ; Hebert, Paul D. N. ; Haszprunar, Gerhard: DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: Screening for invasive and pest species. In: Molecular Ecology Resources (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{hardulak2020metabarcoding, author = {Hardulak, Laura A. and Morinière, Jérome and Hausmann, Axel and Hendrich, Lars and Schmidt, Stefan and Doczkal, Dieter and Müller, Jörg and Hebert, Paul D. N. and Haszprunar, Gerhard}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, keywords = {biodiversity dnabarcoding invasivespecies metabarcoding monitoring myown pestspecies}, month = {jun}, title = {DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: Screening for invasive and pest species}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 hardulak2020metabarcoding %A Hardulak, Laura A. %A Morinière, Jérome %A Hausmann, Axel %A Hendrich, Lars %A Schmidt, Stefan %A Doczkal, Dieter %A Müller, Jörg %A Hebert, Paul D. N. %A Haszprunar, Gerhard %D 2020 %J Molecular Ecology Resources %R 10.1111/1755-0998.13212 %T DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: Screening for invasive and pest species %U https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13212
• KAZERANI, FARZANEH ; MORTELMANS, JONAS ; FARASHIANI, MOHAMMAD EBRAHIM ; THORN, SIMON: A new species of Pherbellia (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran. In: Zootaxa vol. 4772, Magnolia Press (2020), Nr. 2, pp. 361-370
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{KAZERANI_2020, author = {KAZERANI, FARZANEH and MORTELMANS, JONAS and FARASHIANI, MOHAMMAD EBRAHIM and THORN, SIMON}, journal = {Zootaxa}, keywords = {Diptera Palearctic barcodes biogeography distribution faunistics myown nomenclature sciomyzoidea snailkillingflies taxonomy}, month = {may}, number = 2, pages = {361-370}, publisher = {Magnolia Press}, title = {A new species of Pherbellia (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran}, volume = 4772, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 KAZERANI_2020 %A KAZERANI, FARZANEH %A MORTELMANS, JONAS %A FARASHIANI, MOHAMMAD EBRAHIM %A THORN, SIMON %D 2020 %I Magnolia Press %J Zootaxa %N 2 %P 361-370 %R 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.7 %T A new species of Pherbellia (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran %U https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4772.2.7 %V 4772
• Kozák, Daniel ; Svitok, Marek ; Wiezik, Mikal ; Mikoláš, Martin ; Thorn, Simon ; Buechling, Arne ; Hofmeister, Jeňýk ; Matula, Badim ; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr ; et al.: Historical Disturbances Determine Current Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Saproxylic Beetle Communities in Temperate Primary Forests. In: Ecosystems (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{kozakhistorical, abstract = {The expected future intensification of forest disturbance as a consequence of ongoing anthropogenic climate change highlights the urgent need to more robustly quantify associated biotic responses. Saproxylic beetles are a diverse group of forest invertebrates representing a major component of biodiversity that is associated with the decomposition and cycling of wood nutrients and carbon in forest ecosystems. Disturbance-induced declines or shifts in their diversity indicate the loss of key ecological and/or morphological species traits that could change ecosystem functioning. Functional and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities is commonly used to link species communities to ecosystem functions. However, our knowledge on how disturbance intensity alters functional and phylogenetic diversity of saproxylic beetles is incomplete. Here, we analyzed the main drivers of saproxylic beetle abundance and diversity using a comprehensive dataset from montane primary forests in Europe. We investigated cascading relationships between 250 years of historical disturbance mechanisms, forest structural attributes and the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of present-day beetle communities. Our analyses revealed that historical disturbances have significant effects on current beetle communities. Contrary to our expectations, different aspects of beetle communities, that is, abundance, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, responded to different disturbance regime components. Past disturbance frequency was the most important component influencing saproxylic beetle communities and habitat via multiple temporal and spatial pathways. The quantity of deadwood and its diameter positively influenced saproxylic beetle abundance and functional diversity, whereas phylogenetic diversity was positively influenced by canopy openness. Analyzing historical disturbances, we observed that current beetle diversity is far from static, such that the importance of various drivers might change during further successional development. Only forest landscapes that are large enough to allow for the full range of temporal and spatial patterns of disturbances and post-disturbance development will enable long-term species coexistence and their associated ecosystem functions.}, author = {Kozák, Daniel and Svitok, Marek and Wiezik, Mikal and Mikoláš, Martin and Thorn, Simon and Buechling, Arne and Hofmeister, Jeňýk and Matula, Badim and Trotsiuk, Volodymyr and Bače, Radek and Begovič, Krešimir and Čada, Vojtěch and Dušátko, Martin and Frankovič, Michal and Horák, Jakub and Janda, Pavel and Kameniar, Ondrej and Nagel, Thomas A. and Pettit, Joseph L. and Pettit, Jessika M. and Synek, Michal and Wieziková, Adela and Svoboda, Miroslav}, journal = {Ecosystems}, keywords = {carpathians climatechange coleoptera disturbanceprocesses ecologicaltraits myown phylogeneticdiversity primaryforest}, month = {apr}, title = {Historical Disturbances Determine Current Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Saproxylic Beetle Communities in Temperate Primary Forests}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 kozakhistorical %A Kozák, Daniel %A Svitok, Marek %A Wiezik, Mikal %A Mikoláš, Martin %A Thorn, Simon %A Buechling, Arne %A Hofmeister, Jeňýk %A Matula, Badim %A Trotsiuk, Volodymyr %A Bače, Radek %A Begovič, Krešimir %A Čada, Vojtěch %A Dušátko, Martin %A Frankovič, Michal %A Horák, Jakub %A Janda, Pavel %A Kameniar, Ondrej %A Nagel, Thomas A. %A Pettit, Joseph L. %A Pettit, Jessika M. %A Synek, Michal %A Wieziková, Adela %A Svoboda, Miroslav %D 2020 %J Ecosystems %R 10.1007/s10021-020-00502-x %T Historical Disturbances Determine Current Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Saproxylic Beetle Communities in Temperate Primary Forests %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00502-x %X The expected future intensification of forest disturbance as a consequence of ongoing anthropogenic climate change highlights the urgent need to more robustly quantify associated biotic responses. Saproxylic beetles are a diverse group of forest invertebrates representing a major component of biodiversity that is associated with the decomposition and cycling of wood nutrients and carbon in forest ecosystems. Disturbance-induced declines or shifts in their diversity indicate the loss of key ecological and/or morphological species traits that could change ecosystem functioning. Functional and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities is commonly used to link species communities to ecosystem functions. However, our knowledge on how disturbance intensity alters functional and phylogenetic diversity of saproxylic beetles is incomplete. Here, we analyzed the main drivers of saproxylic beetle abundance and diversity using a comprehensive dataset from montane primary forests in Europe. We investigated cascading relationships between 250 years of historical disturbance mechanisms, forest structural attributes and the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of present-day beetle communities. Our analyses revealed that historical disturbances have significant effects on current beetle communities. Contrary to our expectations, different aspects of beetle communities, that is, abundance, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, responded to different disturbance regime components. Past disturbance frequency was the most important component influencing saproxylic beetle communities and habitat via multiple temporal and spatial pathways. The quantity of deadwood and its diameter positively influenced saproxylic beetle abundance and functional diversity, whereas phylogenetic diversity was positively influenced by canopy openness. Analyzing historical disturbances, we observed that current beetle diversity is far from static, such that the importance of various drivers might change during further successional development. Only forest landscapes that are large enough to allow for the full range of temporal and spatial patterns of disturbances and post-disturbance development will enable long-term species coexistence and their associated ecosystem functions.
• Viljur, Mari-Liis ; Tiitsaar, Anu ; Gimbutas, Mark ; Kaasik, Ants ; Valdma, Daniel ; Ounap, Erki ; Tammaru, Toomas ; Teder, Tiit: Conserving woodland butterflies in managed forests: Both local and landscape factors matter. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 462, Elsevier BV (2020), p. 118002
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{viljur2020conserving, author = {Viljur, Mari-Liis and Tiitsaar, Anu and Gimbutas, Mark and Kaasik, Ants and Valdma, Daniel and Ounap, Erki and Tammaru, Toomas and Teder, Tiit}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {habitatamounthypothesis habitatfiltering habitatfragmentation lepidoptera metapopulation myown woodland}, month = {apr}, pages = 118002, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Conserving woodland butterflies in managed forests: Both local and landscape factors matter}, volume = 462, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 viljur2020conserving %A Viljur, Mari-Liis %A Tiitsaar, Anu %A Gimbutas, Mark %A Kaasik, Ants %A Valdma, Daniel %A Ounap, Erki %A Tammaru, Toomas %A Teder, Tiit %D 2020 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 118002 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118002 %T Conserving woodland butterflies in managed forests: Both local and landscape factors matter %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2020.118002 %V 462
• Stiegler, Jonas ; von Hoermann, Christian ; Müller, Jörg ; Benbow, M. Eric ; Heurich, Marco: Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem. In: Ecosphere vol. 11 (2020), Nr. 4
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{stieglercarcass, abstract = {Carrion plays an essential role in shaping the structure and functioning of ecosystems and has far‐reaching implications for biodiversity conservation. The change in availability and type of carcasses throughout ecosystems can involve negative effects for scavenging communities. To address this issue, there have been recent conservation management measures of carrion provision in natural systems. However, the optimal conditions under which exposing carcasses to optimize conservation outcomes are still limited. Here, we used camera traps throughout elevational and vegetational gradients to monitor the consumption of 48 deer carcasses over a study period of six years by evaluating 270,279 photographs resulting out of 15,373 trap nights. We detected 17 species visiting carcass deployments, including five endangered species. Our results show that large carcasses, the winter season, and a heterogeneous surrounding habitat enhanced the frequency of carcass visits and the species richness of scavenger assemblages. Contrary to our expectations, carcass species, condition (fresh/frozen), and provision schedule (continuous vs single exposure) did not influence scavenging frequency or diversity. The carcass visitation frequency increased with carcass mass and lower temperatures. The effect of large carcasses was especially pronounced for mesopredators and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Lynx were not too influenced in its carrion acquisition by the season, but exclusively preferred remote habitats containing higher forest cover. Birds of prey, mesopredators, and top predators were also positively influenced by the visiting rate of ravens (Corvus corax), whereas no biotic or abiotic preferences were found for wild boars (Sus scrofa). This study provides evidence that any ungulate species of carrion, either in a fresh or in previously frozen condition, attracts a high diversity of scavengers especially during winter, thereby supporting earlier work that carcass provisions may support scavenger communities and endangered species.}, author = {Stiegler, Jonas and von Hoermann, Christian and Müller, Jörg and Benbow, M. Eric and Heurich, Marco}, journal = {Ecosphere}, keywords = {anthropogenicfoodsubsidies carrionecology diversity myown natureconservation necrobiome vertebratescavenger wildlifemanagement}, month = {apr}, number = 4, title = {Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem}, volume = 11, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 stieglercarcass %A Stiegler, Jonas %A von Hoermann, Christian %A Müller, Jörg %A Benbow, M. Eric %A Heurich, Marco %D 2020 %J Ecosphere %N 4 %R 10.1002/ecs2.3063 %T Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem %U https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3063 %V 11 %X Carrion plays an essential role in shaping the structure and functioning of ecosystems and has far‐reaching implications for biodiversity conservation. The change in availability and type of carcasses throughout ecosystems can involve negative effects for scavenging communities. To address this issue, there have been recent conservation management measures of carrion provision in natural systems. However, the optimal conditions under which exposing carcasses to optimize conservation outcomes are still limited. Here, we used camera traps throughout elevational and vegetational gradients to monitor the consumption of 48 deer carcasses over a study period of six years by evaluating 270,279 photographs resulting out of 15,373 trap nights. We detected 17 species visiting carcass deployments, including five endangered species. Our results show that large carcasses, the winter season, and a heterogeneous surrounding habitat enhanced the frequency of carcass visits and the species richness of scavenger assemblages. Contrary to our expectations, carcass species, condition (fresh/frozen), and provision schedule (continuous vs single exposure) did not influence scavenging frequency or diversity. The carcass visitation frequency increased with carcass mass and lower temperatures. The effect of large carcasses was especially pronounced for mesopredators and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Lynx were not too influenced in its carrion acquisition by the season, but exclusively preferred remote habitats containing higher forest cover. Birds of prey, mesopredators, and top predators were also positively influenced by the visiting rate of ravens (Corvus corax), whereas no biotic or abiotic preferences were found for wild boars (Sus scrofa). This study provides evidence that any ungulate species of carrion, either in a fresh or in previously frozen condition, attracts a high diversity of scavengers especially during winter, thereby supporting earlier work that carcass provisions may support scavenger communities and endangered species.
• Vogel, Sebastian ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Mergner, Ulrich ; Müller, Jörg ; Thorn, Simon: Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: an experimental approach. In: Journal of Applied Ecology (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{vogel2020optimizing, abstract = {1. The enrichment of deadwood is essential for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in managed forests. However, existing strategies focus on a cost‐intensive increase of deadwood amount, while largely neglecting increasing deadwood diversity. 2. Deadwood objects, i.e. logs and branches, from six tree species were experimentally sun‐exposed, canopy‐shaded, and artificially shaded for four years, after which the alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐diversity of saproxylic beetles, wood‐inhabiting fungi, and spiders were analyzed. Analyses of beta‐diversity included the spatial distance between exposed deadwood objects. A random‐drawing procedure was used to identify the combination of tree species and sun exposure that yielded the highest gamma‐diversity at a minimum of exposed deadwood amount. 3. In sun‐exposed plots, species numbers in logs were higher than in shaded plots for all taxa, while in branches we observed the opposite for saproxylic beetles. Tree species affected the species numbers only of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting fungi. The beta‐diversity of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting‐fungi among logs was influenced by sun exposure and tree species, but beta‐diversity of spiders by sun exposure only. For all saproxylic taxa recorded in logs, differences between communities increased with increasing spatial distance. 4. A combination of canopy‐shaded Populus logs and sun‐exposed Carpinus logs resulted in the highest species numbers of all investigated saproxylic taxa among all possible combinations of tree species and sun‐exposure treatments. 5. Synthesis and applications. We recommend incorporating the enrichment of different tree species and particularly the variation in sun exposure into existing strategies of deadwood enrichment. Based on the results of our study, we suggest to combine logs of softwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Carpinus, Populus), hardwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Quercus) and coniferous tree species (e.g. Pinus) under different conditions of sun exposure and distribute them spatially in a landscape to maximize the beneficial effects on overall diversity.}, author = {Vogel, Sebastian and Gossner, Martin M. and Mergner, Ulrich and Müller, Jörg and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {beetles broadleaftreespecies deadwoodenrichment forestconservation forestmanagement myown saproxylic spiders sunexposure woodinhabitingfungi}, month = {apr}, title = {Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: an experimental approach}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 vogel2020optimizing %A Vogel, Sebastian %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Mergner, Ulrich %A Müller, Jörg %A Thorn, Simon %D 2020 %J Journal of Applied Ecology %R 10.1111/1365-2664.13648 %T Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: an experimental approach %U https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13648 %X 1. The enrichment of deadwood is essential for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in managed forests. However, existing strategies focus on a cost‐intensive increase of deadwood amount, while largely neglecting increasing deadwood diversity. 2. Deadwood objects, i.e. logs and branches, from six tree species were experimentally sun‐exposed, canopy‐shaded, and artificially shaded for four years, after which the alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐diversity of saproxylic beetles, wood‐inhabiting fungi, and spiders were analyzed. Analyses of beta‐diversity included the spatial distance between exposed deadwood objects. A random‐drawing procedure was used to identify the combination of tree species and sun exposure that yielded the highest gamma‐diversity at a minimum of exposed deadwood amount. 3. In sun‐exposed plots, species numbers in logs were higher than in shaded plots for all taxa, while in branches we observed the opposite for saproxylic beetles. Tree species affected the species numbers only of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting fungi. The beta‐diversity of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting‐fungi among logs was influenced by sun exposure and tree species, but beta‐diversity of spiders by sun exposure only. For all saproxylic taxa recorded in logs, differences between communities increased with increasing spatial distance. 4. A combination of canopy‐shaded Populus logs and sun‐exposed Carpinus logs resulted in the highest species numbers of all investigated saproxylic taxa among all possible combinations of tree species and sun‐exposure treatments. 5. Synthesis and applications. We recommend incorporating the enrichment of different tree species and particularly the variation in sun exposure into existing strategies of deadwood enrichment. Based on the results of our study, we suggest to combine logs of softwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Carpinus, Populus), hardwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Quercus) and coniferous tree species (e.g. Pinus) under different conditions of sun exposure and distribute them spatially in a landscape to maximize the beneficial effects on overall diversity.
• Didham, Raphael K. ; Basset, Yves ; Collins, C. Matilda ; Leather, Simon R. ; Littlewood, Nick A. ; Menz, Myles H. M. ; Müller, Jörg ; Packer, Laurence ; Saunders, Manu E. ; et al.: Interpreting insect declines: seven challenges and a way forward. In: Insect Conservation and Diversity vol. 13 (2020), Nr. 2
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{noauthororeditor, author = {Didham, Raphael K. and Basset, Yves and Collins, C. Matilda and Leather, Simon R. and Littlewood, Nick A. and Menz, Myles H. M. and Müller, Jörg and Packer, Laurence and Saunders, Manu E. and Schönrogge, Karsten and Stewart, Alan J.A. and Yanoviak, Stephen P. and Hassall, Christopher}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, keywords = {citizienscience detectionbias globalinsectdecline insectconservation monitoring myown phenologicalshift populationtrend samplingbias shiftingbaseline timeseries}, month = {mar}, number = 2, title = {Interpreting insect declines: seven challenges and a way forward}, volume = 13, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Didham, Raphael K. %A Basset, Yves %A Collins, C. Matilda %A Leather, Simon R. %A Littlewood, Nick A. %A Menz, Myles H. M. %A Müller, Jörg %A Packer, Laurence %A Saunders, Manu E. %A Schönrogge, Karsten %A Stewart, Alan J.A. %A Yanoviak, Stephen P. %A Hassall, Christopher %D 2020 %J Insect Conservation and Diversity %N 2 %R 10.1111/icad.12408 %T Interpreting insect declines: seven challenges and a way forward %U https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12408 %V 13
• Roth, Nicolas ; Zoder, Sebastian ; Ali Zaman, Assad ; Thorn, Simon ; Schmidl, Jürgen: Long‐term monitoring reveals decreasing water beetle diversity, loss of specialists and community shifts over the past 28 years. In: Insect Conservation and Diversity vol. 13 (2020), Nr. 2, pp. 140-150
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {1. Lentic freshwater organisms are influenced by a multitude of factors, including geomorphology, hydrology, anthropogenic impacts and climate change. Organisms that depend on patchy resources such as water beetles may also be sensitive to anthropogenic habitat degradation, like pollution, eutrophication, water level or management alteration. 2. To assess composition and ecological trends in the water beetle communities of Central Europe, we sampled water beetles (Dytiscidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae) in 33 water bodies in Southern Germany from 1991 to 2018. We used manual, time‐standardised capture during three periods: between 1991 and 1995, 2007 and 2008, and 2017 and 2018. 3. During the 28‐year survey period, we captured a total of 81 species. We found annual declines in both species number (ca −1%) and abundance (ca −2%). Also, community composition showed significant changes over time. The significant impact of pH on the community composition suggests that the recorded changes through time partly reflect natural succession processes. However, a pronounced decline of beetle species belonging to the moor‐related beetle associations indicated that Central European water beetles are also threatened by non‐successional factors, including desiccation, increased nitrogen input and/or mineralisation, and the loss of specific habitats. This trend to physiographical homogenisation resulted in corresponding community composition shifts. 4. To effectively protect endangered species, conservation strategies need to be aimed at regularly creating new water bodies with mineralic bottom substratum, and maintenance of moor water bodies that represent late successional stages.}, author = {Roth, Nicolas and Zoder, Sebastian and Ali Zaman, Assad and Thorn, Simon and Schmidl, Jürgen}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, keywords = {biodiversity lenticinlandwaterbodies longtermmonitoring myown timeseries waterbeetles}, month = {mar}, number = 2, pages = {140-150}, title = {Long‐term monitoring reveals decreasing water beetle diversity, loss of specialists and community shifts over the past 28 years}, volume = 13, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Roth, Nicolas %A Zoder, Sebastian %A Ali Zaman, Assad %A Thorn, Simon %A Schmidl, Jürgen %D 2020 %J Insect Conservation and Diversity %N 2 %P 140-150 %R 10.1111/icad.12411 %T Long‐term monitoring reveals decreasing water beetle diversity, loss of specialists and community shifts over the past 28 years %U https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12411 %V 13 %X 1. Lentic freshwater organisms are influenced by a multitude of factors, including geomorphology, hydrology, anthropogenic impacts and climate change. Organisms that depend on patchy resources such as water beetles may also be sensitive to anthropogenic habitat degradation, like pollution, eutrophication, water level or management alteration. 2. To assess composition and ecological trends in the water beetle communities of Central Europe, we sampled water beetles (Dytiscidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae) in 33 water bodies in Southern Germany from 1991 to 2018. We used manual, time‐standardised capture during three periods: between 1991 and 1995, 2007 and 2008, and 2017 and 2018. 3. During the 28‐year survey period, we captured a total of 81 species. We found annual declines in both species number (ca −1%) and abundance (ca −2%). Also, community composition showed significant changes over time. The significant impact of pH on the community composition suggests that the recorded changes through time partly reflect natural succession processes. However, a pronounced decline of beetle species belonging to the moor‐related beetle associations indicated that Central European water beetles are also threatened by non‐successional factors, including desiccation, increased nitrogen input and/or mineralisation, and the loss of specific habitats. This trend to physiographical homogenisation resulted in corresponding community composition shifts. 4. To effectively protect endangered species, conservation strategies need to be aimed at regularly creating new water bodies with mineralic bottom substratum, and maintenance of moor water bodies that represent late successional stages.
• Chao, Anne ; Kubota, Yasuhiro ; Zeleny, David ; Chiu, Chun-Huo ; Li, Ching-Feng ; Kusumoto, Buntarou ; Yasuhara, Moriaki ; Thorn, Simon ; Wei, Chih-Lin ; et al.: Quantifying sample completeness and comparing diversities among assemblages. In: Ecological Research vol. 35 (2020), Nr. 2, pp. 292-314
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {We develop a novel class of measures to quantify sample completeness of a biological survey. The class of measures is parameterized by an order q ≥ 0 to control for sensitivity to species relative abundances. When q = 0, species abundances are disregarded and our measure reduces to the conventional measure of completeness, that is, the ratio of the observed species richness to the true richness (observed plus undetected). When q = 1, our measure reduces to the sample coverage (the proportion of the total number of individuals in the entire assemblage that belongs to detected species), a concept developed by Alan Turing in his cryptographic analysis. The sample completeness of a general order q ≥ 0 extends Turing's sample coverage and quantifies the proportion of the assemblage's individuals belonging to detected species, with each individual being proportionally weighted by the (q − 1)th power of its abundance. We propose the use of a continuous profile depicting our proposed measures with respect to q ≥ 0 to characterize the sample completeness of a survey. An analytic estimator of the diversity profile and its sampling uncertainty based on a bootstrap method are derived and tested by simulations. To compare diversity across multiple assemblages, we propose an integrated approach based on the framework of Hill numbers to assess (a) the sample completeness profile, (b) asymptotic diversity estimates to infer true diversities of entire assemblages, (c) non‐asymptotic standardization via rarefaction and extrapolation, and (d) an evenness profile. Our framework can be extended to incidence data. Empirical data sets from several research fields are used for illustration.}, author = {Chao, Anne and Kubota, Yasuhiro and Zeleny, David and Chiu, Chun-Huo and Li, Ching-Feng and Kusumoto, Buntarou and Yasuhara, Moriaki and Thorn, Simon and Wei, Chih-Lin and Costello, Mark John and Colwell, Robert K.}, journal = {Ecological Research}, keywords = {completeness diversity evenness hillnumbers myown samplecoverage}, month = {mar}, number = 2, pages = {292-314}, title = {Quantifying sample completeness and comparing diversities among assemblages}, volume = 35, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Chao, Anne %A Kubota, Yasuhiro %A Zeleny, David %A Chiu, Chun-Huo %A Li, Ching-Feng %A Kusumoto, Buntarou %A Yasuhara, Moriaki %A Thorn, Simon %A Wei, Chih-Lin %A Costello, Mark John %A Colwell, Robert K. %D 2020 %J Ecological Research %N 2 %P 292-314 %R 10.1111/1440-1703.12102 %T Quantifying sample completeness and comparing diversities among assemblages %U https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12102 %V 35 %X We develop a novel class of measures to quantify sample completeness of a biological survey. The class of measures is parameterized by an order q ≥ 0 to control for sensitivity to species relative abundances. When q = 0, species abundances are disregarded and our measure reduces to the conventional measure of completeness, that is, the ratio of the observed species richness to the true richness (observed plus undetected). When q = 1, our measure reduces to the sample coverage (the proportion of the total number of individuals in the entire assemblage that belongs to detected species), a concept developed by Alan Turing in his cryptographic analysis. The sample completeness of a general order q ≥ 0 extends Turing's sample coverage and quantifies the proportion of the assemblage's individuals belonging to detected species, with each individual being proportionally weighted by the (q − 1)th power of its abundance. We propose the use of a continuous profile depicting our proposed measures with respect to q ≥ 0 to characterize the sample completeness of a survey. An analytic estimator of the diversity profile and its sampling uncertainty based on a bootstrap method are derived and tested by simulations. To compare diversity across multiple assemblages, we propose an integrated approach based on the framework of Hill numbers to assess (a) the sample completeness profile, (b) asymptotic diversity estimates to infer true diversities of entire assemblages, (c) non‐asymptotic standardization via rarefaction and extrapolation, and (d) an evenness profile. Our framework can be extended to incidence data. Empirical data sets from several research fields are used for illustration.
• Peters, Marcell K. ; Classen, Alice ; Müller, Jörg ; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf: Increasing the phylogenetic coverage for understanding broad-scale diversity gradients. In: Oecologia (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{peters2020increasing, abstract = {Despite decades of scientific effort, there is still no consensus on the determinants of broad-scale gradients of animal diversity. We argue that general drivers of diversity are unlikely to be found among the narrowly defined taxa which are typically analyzed in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients because ecological niches evolve largely conservatively. This causes constraints in the use of available niche space leading to systematic differences in diversity gradients among taxa. We instead advocate studies of phylogenetically diverse animal communities along broad environmental gradients. Such multi-taxa communities are less constrained in resource use and diversification and may be better targets for testing major classical hypotheses on diversity gradients. Besides increasing the spatial scale in analyses, expanding the phylogenetic coverage may be a second way to achieve higher levels of generality in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients.}, author = {Peters, Marcell K. and Classen, Alice and Müller, Jörg and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf}, journal = {Oecologia}, keywords = {DNAmetabarcoding elevationaldiversity myown negativedensitydependence productivityhypothesis speciesenergytheory temperaturespeciationhypothesis}, month = {feb}, title = {Increasing the phylogenetic coverage for understanding broad-scale diversity gradients}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 peters2020increasing %A Peters, Marcell K. %A Classen, Alice %A Müller, Jörg %A Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf %D 2020 %J Oecologia %R 10.1007/s00442-020-04615-x %T Increasing the phylogenetic coverage for understanding broad-scale diversity gradients %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04615-x %X Despite decades of scientific effort, there is still no consensus on the determinants of broad-scale gradients of animal diversity. We argue that general drivers of diversity are unlikely to be found among the narrowly defined taxa which are typically analyzed in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients because ecological niches evolve largely conservatively. This causes constraints in the use of available niche space leading to systematic differences in diversity gradients among taxa. We instead advocate studies of phylogenetically diverse animal communities along broad environmental gradients. Such multi-taxa communities are less constrained in resource use and diversification and may be better targets for testing major classical hypotheses on diversity gradients. Besides increasing the spatial scale in analyses, expanding the phylogenetic coverage may be a second way to achieve higher levels of generality in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients.
• Micó, Estefanía ; Ramilo, Pablo ; Thorn, Simon ; Müller, Jörg ; Galante, Eduardo ; Carmona, Carlos P.: Contrasting functional structure of saproxylic beetle assemblages associated to different microhabitats. In: Scientific Reports vol. 10 (2020), Nr. 1, p. 1520
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{mico2020contrasting, abstract = {Saproxylic beetles depend on diverse microhabitats that are exploited by different species assemblages. We focused on anlyse the functional trait patterns and functional diversity components of two main assemblages that were collected with window traps (WTs) and hollow emergence traps (HETs) respectively, between three protected areas of the Iberian Peninsula. For that we measured phenological, physiological, morphological, and ecological traits. Results showed that the main microhabitats exploited by each assemblage (WT and HET) constrain most of the morphological traits and trophic guilds. In addition, relative elytra length and predator guild, together with adult activity period, responded to differences at the habitat level (among study areas). HET assemblages were less taxonomically diverse but more functionally diverse than those of WTs, enhancing the functional relevance of tree hollows. Additionally, niche filtering dominated WT assemblages, which were characterised by a narrower functional space and a higher redundancy. In contrast, in the HET assemblages the coexistence of functionally dissimilar species is driven by the niche heterogeneity. HET and WT assemblages differed in the functional space occupied by each within areas, but both assemblages reflected coincident patterns among areas that pointed to a reduction of functional space with management.}, author = {Micó, Estefanía and Ramilo, Pablo and Thorn, Simon and Müller, Jörg and Galante, Eduardo and Carmona, Carlos P.}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, keywords = {myown}, month = {jan}, number = 1, pages = 1520, title = {Contrasting functional structure of saproxylic beetle assemblages associated to different microhabitats}, volume = 10, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 mico2020contrasting %A Micó, Estefanía %A Ramilo, Pablo %A Thorn, Simon %A Müller, Jörg %A Galante, Eduardo %A Carmona, Carlos P. %D 2020 %J Scientific Reports %N 1 %P 1520 %R 10.1038/s41598-020-58408-6 %T Contrasting functional structure of saproxylic beetle assemblages associated to different microhabitats %U https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58408-6 %V 10 %X Saproxylic beetles depend on diverse microhabitats that are exploited by different species assemblages. We focused on anlyse the functional trait patterns and functional diversity components of two main assemblages that were collected with window traps (WTs) and hollow emergence traps (HETs) respectively, between three protected areas of the Iberian Peninsula. For that we measured phenological, physiological, morphological, and ecological traits. Results showed that the main microhabitats exploited by each assemblage (WT and HET) constrain most of the morphological traits and trophic guilds. In addition, relative elytra length and predator guild, together with adult activity period, responded to differences at the habitat level (among study areas). HET assemblages were less taxonomically diverse but more functionally diverse than those of WTs, enhancing the functional relevance of tree hollows. Additionally, niche filtering dominated WT assemblages, which were characterised by a narrower functional space and a higher redundancy. In contrast, in the HET assemblages the coexistence of functionally dissimilar species is driven by the niche heterogeneity. HET and WT assemblages differed in the functional space occupied by each within areas, but both assemblages reflected coincident patterns among areas that pointed to a reduction of functional space with management.
• Rafiei Jahed, Razieh ; Kavousi, Mohammad Reza ; Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim ; Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro ; Babanezhad, Manoochehr ; Courbaud, Benoit ; Wirtz, Roland ; Müller, Jörg ; Larrieu, Laurent: A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests. In: Forests vol. 11, MDPI AG (2020), Nr. 2, p. 144
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{jahed2020comparison, author = {Rafiei Jahed, Razieh and Kavousi, Mohammad Reza and Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim and Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro and Babanezhad, Manoochehr and Courbaud, Benoit and Wirtz, Roland and Müller, Jörg and Larrieu, Laurent}, journal = {Forests}, keywords = {Fagusorientalis Fagussylvaticus TreMs myown primevalforest}, month = {jan}, number = 2, pages = 144, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, title = {A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests}, volume = 11, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 jahed2020comparison %A Rafiei Jahed, Razieh %A Kavousi, Mohammad Reza %A Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim %A Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro %A Babanezhad, Manoochehr %A Courbaud, Benoit %A Wirtz, Roland %A Müller, Jörg %A Larrieu, Laurent %D 2020 %I MDPI AG %J Forests %N 2 %P 144 %R 10.3390/f11020144 %T A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests %U https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ff11020144 %V 11
• Thorn, Simon ; Chao, Anne ; Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus ; Chen, Yan-Han ; Georgiev, Kostadin B. ; Heibl, Christoph ; Müller, Jörg ; Schäfer, Hanno ; Bässler, Claus: Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests. In: Ecology, Wiley (2020)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thorn2020species, author = {Thorn, Simon and Chao, Anne and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Chen, Yan-Han and Georgiev, Kostadin B. and Heibl, Christoph and Müller, Jörg and Schäfer, Hanno and Bässler, Claus}, journal = {Ecology}, keywords = {beetles birds bryophytes climatechange forestsuccession hillnumbers myown naturaldisturbance salvagelogging saproxylic vascularplants woodinhabitingfungi}, month = {jan}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests}, year = 2020 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thorn2020species %A Thorn, Simon %A Chao, Anne %A Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus %A Chen, Yan-Han %A Georgiev, Kostadin B. %A Heibl, Christoph %A Müller, Jörg %A Schäfer, Hanno %A Bässler, Claus %D 2020 %I Wiley %J Ecology %R 10.1002/ecy.2949 %T Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests %U https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fecy.2949

2019 [ to top ]

• Bae, Soyeon ; Levick, Shaun R. ; Heidrich, Lea ; Magdon, Paul ; Leutner, Benjamin F. ; Wöllauer, Stephan ; Serebryanyk, Alla ; Nauss, Thomas ; Krzystek, Peter ; et al.: Radar vision in the mapping of forest biodiversity from space. In: Nature Communications vol. 10 (2019), Nr. 4757
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{bae_2019, abstract = {Recent progress in remote sensing provides much-needed, large-scale spatio-temporal information on habitat structures important for biodiversity conservation. Here we examine the potential of a newly launched satellite-borne radar system (Sentinel-1) to map the bio- diversity of twelve taxa across five temperate forest regions in central Europe. We show that the sensitivity of radar to habitat structure is similar to that of airborne laser scanning (ALS), the current gold standard in the measurement of forest structure. Our models of different facets of biodiversity reveal that radar performs as well as ALS; median R2 over twelve taxa by ALS and radar are 0.51 and 0.57 respectively for the first non-metric multidimensional scaling axes representing assemblage composition. We further demonstrate the promising predictive ability of radar-derived data with external validation based on the species composition of birds and saproxylic beetles. Establishing new area-wide biodiversity monitoring by remote sensing will require the coupling of radar data to stratified and standardized collected local species data.}, author = {Bae, Soyeon and Levick, Shaun R. and Heidrich, Lea and Magdon, Paul and Leutner, Benjamin F. and Wöllauer, Stephan and Serebryanyk, Alla and Nauss, Thomas and Krzystek, Peter and Gossner, Martin M. and Schall, Peter and Heibl, Christoph and Bässler, Claus and Dörfler, Inken and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Krah, Franz-Sebastian and Culmsee, Heike and Jung, Kirsten and Heurich, Marco and Fischer, Markus and Seibold, Sebastian and Thorn, Simon and Gerlach, Tobias and Hothorn, Torsten and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {myown}, number = 4757, title = {Radar vision in the mapping of forest biodiversity from space}, volume = 10, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 bae_2019 %A Bae, Soyeon %A Levick, Shaun R. %A Heidrich, Lea %A Magdon, Paul %A Leutner, Benjamin F. %A Wöllauer, Stephan %A Serebryanyk, Alla %A Nauss, Thomas %A Krzystek, Peter %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Schall, Peter %A Heibl, Christoph %A Bässler, Claus %A Dörfler, Inken %A Schulze, Ernst-Detlef %A Krah, Franz-Sebastian %A Culmsee, Heike %A Jung, Kirsten %A Heurich, Marco %A Fischer, Markus %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Thorn, Simon %A Gerlach, Tobias %A Hothorn, Torsten %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Müller, Jörg %D 2019 %J Nature Communications %N 4757 %R 10.1038/s41467-019-12737-x %T Radar vision in the mapping of forest biodiversity from space %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12737-x %V 10 %X Recent progress in remote sensing provides much-needed, large-scale spatio-temporal information on habitat structures important for biodiversity conservation. Here we examine the potential of a newly launched satellite-borne radar system (Sentinel-1) to map the bio- diversity of twelve taxa across five temperate forest regions in central Europe. We show that the sensitivity of radar to habitat structure is similar to that of airborne laser scanning (ALS), the current gold standard in the measurement of forest structure. Our models of different facets of biodiversity reveal that radar performs as well as ALS; median R2 over twelve taxa by ALS and radar are 0.51 and 0.57 respectively for the first non-metric multidimensional scaling axes representing assemblage composition. We further demonstrate the promising predictive ability of radar-derived data with external validation based on the species composition of birds and saproxylic beetles. Establishing new area-wide biodiversity monitoring by remote sensing will require the coupling of radar data to stratified and standardized collected local species data.
• Eisenhauer, Nico ; Schielzeth, Holger ; Barnes, Andrew D. ; Barry, Kathryn E. ; Bonn, Aletta ; Brose, Ulrich ; Bruelheide, Helge ; Buchmann, Nina ; Buscot, Franccois ; et al.: A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research. In: Advances in Ecological Research : Elsevier, 2019, pp. 1-54
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @incollection{eisenhauer2019multitrophic, abstract = {Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this chapter, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.}, author = {Eisenhauer, Nico and Schielzeth, Holger and Barnes, Andrew D. and Barry, Kathryn E. and Bonn, Aletta and Brose, Ulrich and Bruelheide, Helge and Buchmann, Nina and Buscot, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Ebeling, Anne and Ferlian, Olga and Freschet, Gr{{é}}goire T. and Giling, Darren P. and Hättenschwiler, Stephan and Hillebrand, Helmut and Hines, Jes and Isbell, Forest and Koller-France, Eva and König-Ries, Birgitta and de Kroon, Hans and Meyer, Sebastian T. and Milcu, Alexandru and Müller, Jörg and Nock, Charles A. and Petermann, Jana S. and Roscher, Christiane and Scherber, Christoph and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Schmid, Bernhard and Schnitzer, Stefan A. and Schuldt, Andreas and Tscharntke, Teja and Türke, Manfred and van Dam, Nicole M. and van der Plas, Fons and Vogel, Anja and Wagg, Cameron and Wardle, David A. and Weigelt, Alexandra and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Wirth, Christian and Jochum, Malte}, booktitle = {Advances in Ecological Research}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-54}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research}, year = 2019 }
  %0 Book Section %1 eisenhauer2019multitrophic %A Eisenhauer, Nico %A Schielzeth, Holger %A Barnes, Andrew D. %A Barry, Kathryn E. %A Bonn, Aletta %A Brose, Ulrich %A Bruelheide, Helge %A Buchmann, Nina %A Buscot, Franccois %A Ebeling, Anne %A Ferlian, Olga %A Freschet, Grégoire T. %A Giling, Darren P. %A Hättenschwiler, Stephan %A Hillebrand, Helmut %A Hines, Jes %A Isbell, Forest %A Koller-France, Eva %A König-Ries, Birgitta %A de Kroon, Hans %A Meyer, Sebastian T. %A Milcu, Alexandru %A Müller, Jörg %A Nock, Charles A. %A Petermann, Jana S. %A Roscher, Christiane %A Scherber, Christoph %A Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael %A Schmid, Bernhard %A Schnitzer, Stefan A. %A Schuldt, Andreas %A Tscharntke, Teja %A Türke, Manfred %A van Dam, Nicole M. %A van der Plas, Fons %A Vogel, Anja %A Wagg, Cameron %A Wardle, David A. %A Weigelt, Alexandra %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Wirth, Christian %A Jochum, Malte %B Advances in Ecological Research %D 2019 %I Elsevier %P 1-54 %R 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001 %T A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fbs.aecr.2019.06.001 %X Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this chapter, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.
• Thorn, Simon ; Müller, Jörg ; Leverkus, Alexandro B.: Preventing European forest diebacks. In: Sills, J. (ed.) Science vol. 365, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2019), Nr. 6460, p. 1388--1388
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thorn2019preventing, author = {Thorn, Simon and M{ü}ller, J{ö}rg and Leverkus, Alexandro B.}, editor = {Sills, Jennifer}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {myown}, number = 6460, pages = {1388–1388}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {Preventing European forest diebacks}, volume = 365, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thorn2019preventing %A Thorn, Simon %A Müller, Jörg %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %D 2019 %E Sills, Jennifer %I American Association for the Advancement of Science %J Science %N 6460 %P 1388--1388 %R 10.1126/science.aaz3476 %T Preventing European forest diebacks %U https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6460/1388.2 %V 365
• Hagge, Jonas ; Müller, Jörg ; Bässler, Claus ; Biebl, Samantha Susanne ; Brandl, Roland ; Drexler, Matthias ; Gruppe, Axel ; Hotes, Stefan ; Hothorn, Torsten ; et al.: Deadwood retention in forests lowers short-term browsing pressure on silver fir saplings by overabundant deer. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 451, Elsevier BV (2019)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{hagge2019deadwood, abstract = {Humans have widely extirpated large carnivores and simultaneously promoted overabundance of deer. The intense pressure imposed by these herbivores in forests has led to extremely low rates of natural forest regeneration. In natural old-growth forests, deadwood functions as a key driver of biodiversity and promotes ecosystem functioning, such as water retention and nutrient recycling. An as yet unappreciated function of deadwood is its ability to act as a physical barrier, excluding large herbivores from the obstructed patches and thereby reducing browsing pressure. However, this benefit may be minimized by an increase in rodent herbivory in the sheltered patches. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a total of 384 plots in which tree crowns (0–4) from logging residuals were used as increasingly dense physical barriers to shelter five newly planted saplings of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were applied to determine whether sapling browsing by roe deer and rodents was differentially affected by these barriers. The probability of roe deer browsing decreased from 26% (no crowns) to 2% (4 crowns) while that of rodent browsing increased from 1% to 17%, respectively, as the number of deadwood crowns used in barrier construction increased. In broadleaf stands, browsing by roe deer and rodents was generally higher than in coniferous stands. In forests with high numbers of visitors, browsing by roe deer was reduced, but browsing by rodents was not influenced. The retention of large amounts of deadwood or active deadwood increments may thus provide an effective barrier to roe deer browsing but promote the browsing activity of rodents. The landscape-level heterogeneity of browsing patterns associated with the presence of deadwood suggests that deadwood shelters in homogenized forests may encourage both natural forest regeneration and forest biodiversity, despite an overabundance of roe deer.}, author = {Hagge, Jonas and Müller, Jörg and Bässler, Claus and Biebl, Samantha Susanne and Brandl, Roland and Drexler, Matthias and Gruppe, Axel and Hotes, Stefan and Hothorn, Torsten and Langhammer, Peter and Stark, Hans and Wirtz, Roland and Zimmerer, Veronika and Mysterud, Atle}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {Capreoluscapreolus browsing deadwood forestrestoration myown regeneration rodents saplinggrowth}, month = {nov}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Deadwood retention in forests lowers short-term browsing pressure on silver fir saplings by overabundant deer}, volume = 451, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 hagge2019deadwood %A Hagge, Jonas %A Müller, Jörg %A Bässler, Claus %A Biebl, Samantha Susanne %A Brandl, Roland %A Drexler, Matthias %A Gruppe, Axel %A Hotes, Stefan %A Hothorn, Torsten %A Langhammer, Peter %A Stark, Hans %A Wirtz, Roland %A Zimmerer, Veronika %A Mysterud, Atle %D 2019 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117531 %T Deadwood retention in forests lowers short-term browsing pressure on silver fir saplings by overabundant deer %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2019.117531 %V 451 %X Humans have widely extirpated large carnivores and simultaneously promoted overabundance of deer. The intense pressure imposed by these herbivores in forests has led to extremely low rates of natural forest regeneration. In natural old-growth forests, deadwood functions as a key driver of biodiversity and promotes ecosystem functioning, such as water retention and nutrient recycling. An as yet unappreciated function of deadwood is its ability to act as a physical barrier, excluding large herbivores from the obstructed patches and thereby reducing browsing pressure. However, this benefit may be minimized by an increase in rodent herbivory in the sheltered patches. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a total of 384 plots in which tree crowns (0–4) from logging residuals were used as increasingly dense physical barriers to shelter five newly planted saplings of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were applied to determine whether sapling browsing by roe deer and rodents was differentially affected by these barriers. The probability of roe deer browsing decreased from 26% (no crowns) to 2% (4 crowns) while that of rodent browsing increased from 1% to 17%, respectively, as the number of deadwood crowns used in barrier construction increased. In broadleaf stands, browsing by roe deer and rodents was generally higher than in coniferous stands. In forests with high numbers of visitors, browsing by roe deer was reduced, but browsing by rodents was not influenced. The retention of large amounts of deadwood or active deadwood increments may thus provide an effective barrier to roe deer browsing but promote the browsing activity of rodents. The landscape-level heterogeneity of browsing patterns associated with the presence of deadwood suggests that deadwood shelters in homogenized forests may encourage both natural forest regeneration and forest biodiversity, despite an overabundance of roe deer.
• Seibold, Sebastian ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Simons, Nadja K. ; Blüthgen, Nico ; Müller, Jörg ; Ambarli, Didem ; Ammer, Christian ; Bauhus, Jürgen ; Fischer, Markus ; et al.: Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers. In: Nature vol. 574, Springer Science and Business Media LLC (2019), Nr. 7780, pp. 671-674
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{seibold2019arthropod, abstract = {Recent reports of local extinctions of arthropod species 1 , and of massive declines in arthropod biomass 2 , point to land-use intensification as a major driver of decreasing biodiversity. However, to our knowledge, there are no multisite time series of arthropod occurrences across gradients of land-use intensity with which to confirm causal relationships. Moreover, it remains unclear which land-use types and arthropod groups are affected, and whether the observed declines in biomass and diversity are linked to one another. Here we analyse data from more than 1 million individual arthropods (about 2,700 species), from standardized inventories taken between 2008 and 2017 at 150 grassland and 140 forest sites in 3 regions of Germany. Overall gamma diversity in grasslands and forests decreased over time, indicating loss of species across sites and regions. In annually sampled grasslands, biomass, abundance and number of species declined by 67%, 78% and 34%, respectively. The decline was consistent across trophic levels and mainly affected rare species; its magnitude was independent of local land-use intensity. However, sites embedded in landscapes with a higher cover of agricultural land showed a stronger temporal decline. In 30 forest sites with annual inventories, biomass and species number—but not abundance—decreased by 41% and 36%, respectively. This was supported by analyses of all forest sites sampled in three-year intervals. The decline affected rare and abundant species, and trends differed across trophic levels. Our results show that there are widespread declines in arthropod biomass, abundance and the number of species across trophic levels. Arthropod declines in forests demonstrate that loss is not restricted to open habitats. Our results suggest that major drivers of arthropod decline act at larger spatial scales, and are (at least for grasslands) associated with agriculture at the landscape level. This implies that policies need to address the landscape scale to mitigate the negative effects of land-use practices.}, author = {Seibold, Sebastian and Gossner, Martin M. and Simons, Nadja K. and Blüthgen, Nico and Müller, Jörg and Ambarl{\i}, Didem and Ammer, Christian and Bauhus, Jürgen and Fischer, Markus and Habel, Jan C. and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Nauss, Thomas and Penone, Caterina and Prati, Daniel and Schall, Peter and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Vogt, Juliane and Wöllauer, Stephan and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, journal = {Nature}, keywords = {myown}, month = {oct}, number = 7780, pages = {671-674}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers}, volume = 574, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 seibold2019arthropod %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Simons, Nadja K. %A Blüthgen, Nico %A Müller, Jörg %A Ambarli, Didem %A Ammer, Christian %A Bauhus, Jürgen %A Fischer, Markus %A Habel, Jan C. %A Linsenmair, Karl Eduard %A Nauss, Thomas %A Penone, Caterina %A Prati, Daniel %A Schall, Peter %A Schulze, Ernst-Detlef %A Vogt, Juliane %A Wöllauer, Stephan %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %D 2019 %I Springer Science and Business Media LLC %J Nature %N 7780 %P 671-674 %R 10.1038/s41586-019-1684-3 %T Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers %U https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1684-3 %V 574 %X Recent reports of local extinctions of arthropod species 1 , and of massive declines in arthropod biomass 2 , point to land-use intensification as a major driver of decreasing biodiversity. However, to our knowledge, there are no multisite time series of arthropod occurrences across gradients of land-use intensity with which to confirm causal relationships. Moreover, it remains unclear which land-use types and arthropod groups are affected, and whether the observed declines in biomass and diversity are linked to one another. Here we analyse data from more than 1 million individual arthropods (about 2,700 species), from standardized inventories taken between 2008 and 2017 at 150 grassland and 140 forest sites in 3 regions of Germany. Overall gamma diversity in grasslands and forests decreased over time, indicating loss of species across sites and regions. In annually sampled grasslands, biomass, abundance and number of species declined by 67%, 78% and 34%, respectively. The decline was consistent across trophic levels and mainly affected rare species; its magnitude was independent of local land-use intensity. However, sites embedded in landscapes with a higher cover of agricultural land showed a stronger temporal decline. In 30 forest sites with annual inventories, biomass and species number—but not abundance—decreased by 41% and 36%, respectively. This was supported by analyses of all forest sites sampled in three-year intervals. The decline affected rare and abundant species, and trends differed across trophic levels. Our results show that there are widespread declines in arthropod biomass, abundance and the number of species across trophic levels. Arthropod declines in forests demonstrate that loss is not restricted to open habitats. Our results suggest that major drivers of arthropod decline act at larger spatial scales, and are (at least for grasslands) associated with agriculture at the landscape level. This implies that policies need to address the landscape scale to mitigate the negative effects of land-use practices.
• Streinzer, Martin ; Roth, Nicolas ; Paulus, Hannes F. ; Spaethe, Johannes: Color preference and spatial distribution of glaphyrid beetles suggest a key role in the maintenance of the color polymorphism in the peacock anemone (Anemone pavonina, Ranunculaceae) in Northern Greece. In: Journal of Comparative Physiology A vol. 205 (2019), Nr. 5, pp. 735-743
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{streinzer2019color, abstract = {In the Mediterranean region, a group of unrelated plant species share an unusual deep-red flower color and are pollinated by glaphyrid beetles. Some of these species possess different color morphs, but the mechanisms maintaining this color polymorphism are unknown. The peacock anemone, Anemone pavonina, is a color polymorphic species with red or purple flowers. We investigated the spatial distribution of its color morphs and its potential glaphyrid pollinators, Pygopleurus spp., along an elevational gradient on the southern slopes of Mount Olympus, Greece. We found a correlation between relative proportions of the two color morphs with both elevation and beetle abundance. At low elevations (<{\thinspace}1000 m a.s.l.), beetles were abundant and anemone populations comprised only red flowers. Above a steep transition zone with mixed-colored populations (c. 1000&ndash;1300 m) most flowers were purple and beetles were rare. Color-trapping experiments revealed a strong preference for red over other colors in beetles and colorimetric modeling suggests that a simple chromatic mechanism is sufficient to explain their color choices. We thus hypothesize that beetles select for red flowers and that with increasing elevation and decreasing beetle density, other flower visitors (e.g., bees) gain importance as pollinators and select for a different color.}, author = {Streinzer, Martin and Roth, Nicolas and Paulus, Hannes F. and Spaethe, Johannes}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, keywords = {beetlepollinationsyndrome colorvision elevationaldistribution floralsignal myown redbowlshapedflowers}, month = {oct}, number = 5, pages = {735-743}, title = {Color preference and spatial distribution of glaphyrid beetles suggest a key role in the maintenance of the color polymorphism in the peacock anemone (Anemone pavonina, Ranunculaceae) in Northern Greece}, volume = 205, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 streinzer2019color %A Streinzer, Martin %A Roth, Nicolas %A Paulus, Hannes F. %A Spaethe, Johannes %D 2019 %J Journal of Comparative Physiology A %N 5 %P 735-743 %R 10.1007/s00359-019-01360-2 %T Color preference and spatial distribution of glaphyrid beetles suggest a key role in the maintenance of the color polymorphism in the peacock anemone (Anemone pavonina, Ranunculaceae) in Northern Greece %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-019-01360-2 %V 205 %X In the Mediterranean region, a group of unrelated plant species share an unusual deep-red flower color and are pollinated by glaphyrid beetles. Some of these species possess different color morphs, but the mechanisms maintaining this color polymorphism are unknown. The peacock anemone, Anemone pavonina, is a color polymorphic species with red or purple flowers. We investigated the spatial distribution of its color morphs and its potential glaphyrid pollinators, Pygopleurus spp., along an elevational gradient on the southern slopes of Mount Olympus, Greece. We found a correlation between relative proportions of the two color morphs with both elevation and beetle abundance. At low elevations (<\thinspace1000 m a.s.l.), beetles were abundant and anemone populations comprised only red flowers. Above a steep transition zone with mixed-colored populations (c. 1000--1300 m) most flowers were purple and beetles were rare. Color-trapping experiments revealed a strong preference for red over other colors in beetles and colorimetric modeling suggests that a simple chromatic mechanism is sufficient to explain their color choices. We thus hypothesize that beetles select for red flowers and that with increasing elevation and decreasing beetle density, other flower visitors (e.g., bees) gain importance as pollinators and select for a different color.
• Hagge, Jonas ; Bässler, Claus ; Gruppe, Axel ; Hoppe, Björn ; Kellner, Harald ; Krah, Franz-Sebastian ; Müller, Jörg ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Stengel, Elisa ; et al.: Bark coverage shifts assembly processes of microbial decomposer communities in dead wood. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences vol. 286, The Royal Society (2019), Nr. 1912, p. 20191744
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Hagge_2019, abstract = {Bark protects living trees against environmental influences but may promote wood decomposition by fungi and bacteria after tree death. However, the mechanisms by which bark determines the assembly process and biodiversity of decomposers remain unknown. Therefore, we partially or completely removed bark from experimentally felled trees and tested with null modelling whether assembly processes were determined by bark coverage and if biodi- versity of molecularly sampled fungi and bacteria generally benefited from increasing bark cover. The community composition of fungi, wood-decaying fungi (subset of all fungi) and bacteria clearly separated between completely debarked, partly debarked and control trees. Bacterial species richness was higher on control trees than on either partly or completely debarked trees, whereas the species richness of all fungi did not differ. However, the species richness of wood-decaying fungi was higher on partially and completely debarked trees than on control trees. Deterministic assembly processes were most important in completely debarked trees, a pattern consistent for fungi and bacteria. Our findings suggest that human disturbances in forests shift the dominant assembly mechanism from stochastic to deterministic processes and thus alter the diversity of wood-inhabiting microorganisms.}, author = {Hagge, Jonas and Bässler, Claus and Gruppe, Axel and Hoppe, Björn and Kellner, Harald and Krah, Franz-Sebastian and Müller, Jörg and Seibold, Sebastian and Stengel, Elisa and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, keywords = {assemblyprocesses bacteria deadwood decomposition fungi myown stochasticity treebark woodinhabiting}, month = {oct}, number = 1912, pages = 20191744, publisher = {The Royal Society}, title = {Bark coverage shifts assembly processes of microbial decomposer communities in dead wood}, volume = 286, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Hagge_2019 %A Hagge, Jonas %A Bässler, Claus %A Gruppe, Axel %A Hoppe, Björn %A Kellner, Harald %A Krah, Franz-Sebastian %A Müller, Jörg %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Stengel, Elisa %A Thorn, Simon %D 2019 %I The Royal Society %J Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences %N 1912 %P 20191744 %R 10.1098/rspb.2019.1744 %T Bark coverage shifts assembly processes of microbial decomposer communities in dead wood %U https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2019.1744 %V 286 %X Bark protects living trees against environmental influences but may promote wood decomposition by fungi and bacteria after tree death. However, the mechanisms by which bark determines the assembly process and biodiversity of decomposers remain unknown. Therefore, we partially or completely removed bark from experimentally felled trees and tested with null modelling whether assembly processes were determined by bark coverage and if biodi- versity of molecularly sampled fungi and bacteria generally benefited from increasing bark cover. The community composition of fungi, wood-decaying fungi (subset of all fungi) and bacteria clearly separated between completely debarked, partly debarked and control trees. Bacterial species richness was higher on control trees than on either partly or completely debarked trees, whereas the species richness of all fungi did not differ. However, the species richness of wood-decaying fungi was higher on partially and completely debarked trees than on control trees. Deterministic assembly processes were most important in completely debarked trees, a pattern consistent for fungi and bacteria. Our findings suggest that human disturbances in forests shift the dominant assembly mechanism from stochastic to deterministic processes and thus alter the diversity of wood-inhabiting microorganisms.
• Biedermann, Peter H.W. ; Müller, Jörg ; Grégoire, Jean-Claude ; Gruppe, Axel ; Hagge, Jonas ; Hammerbacher, Almuth ; Hofstetter, Richard W. ; Kandasamy, Dineshkumar ; Kolarik, Miroslav ; et al.: Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions. In: Trends in Ecology & Evolution vol. 34, Elsevier BV (2019), Nr. 10, pp. 914-924
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{biedermann2019beetle, abstract = {Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. However, despite N200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions and crashes are still not fully understood and the existing knowledge is thus insufficient to face the challenges posed by the Anthropocene. We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of an exemplary species, the European spruce bark beetle (ESBB) (Ips typographus) and present a multivariate approach that integrates the many drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for hypothesis-driven, large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this and other bark beetle pests. Our approach can serve as a blueprint for tackling other eruptive forest insects.}, author = {Biedermann, Peter H.W. and Müller, Jörg and Gr{{é}}goire, Jean-Claude and Gruppe, Axel and Hagge, Jonas and Hammerbacher, Almuth and Hofstetter, Richard W. and Kandasamy, Dineshkumar and Kolarik, Miroslav and Kostovcik, Martin and Krokene, Paal and Sall{{é}}, Aur{{é}}lien and Six, Diana L. and Turrini, Tabea and Vanderpool, Dan and Wingfield, Michael J. and Bässler, Claus}, journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution}, keywords = {barkbeetles bioticinteractions forestinsectpest globalchange myown populationdynamics symbiosis}, month = {oct}, number = 10, pages = {914-924}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions}, volume = 34, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 biedermann2019beetle %A Biedermann, Peter H.W. %A Müller, Jörg %A Grégoire, Jean-Claude %A Gruppe, Axel %A Hagge, Jonas %A Hammerbacher, Almuth %A Hofstetter, Richard W. %A Kandasamy, Dineshkumar %A Kolarik, Miroslav %A Kostovcik, Martin %A Krokene, Paal %A Sallé, Aurélien %A Six, Diana L. %A Turrini, Tabea %A Vanderpool, Dan %A Wingfield, Michael J. %A Bässler, Claus %D 2019 %I Elsevier BV %J Trends in Ecology & Evolution %N 10 %P 914-924 %R 10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.002 %T Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2019.06.002 %V 34 %X Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. However, despite N200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions and crashes are still not fully understood and the existing knowledge is thus insufficient to face the challenges posed by the Anthropocene. We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of an exemplary species, the European spruce bark beetle (ESBB) (Ips typographus) and present a multivariate approach that integrates the many drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for hypothesis-driven, large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this and other bark beetle pests. Our approach can serve as a blueprint for tackling other eruptive forest insects.
• Vogt, Juliane ; Klaus, Valentin ; Both, Steffen ; Fürstenau, Cornelia ; Gockel, Sonja ; Gossner, Martin ; Heinze, Johannes ; Hemp, Andreas ; Hölzel, Nobert ; et al.: Eleven years' data of grassland management in Germany. In: Biodiversity Data Journal vol. 7, Pensoft Publishers (2019)
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  @article{vogt2019eleven, author = {Vogt, Juliane and Klaus, Valentin and Both, Steffen and Fürstenau, Cornelia and Gockel, Sonja and Gossner, Martin and Heinze, Johannes and Hemp, Andreas and Hölzel, Nobert and Jung, Kirsten and Kleinebecker, Till and Lauterbach, Ralf and Lorenzen, Katrin and Ostrowski, Andreas and Otto, Niclas and Prati, Daniel and Renner, Swen and Schumacher, Uta and Seibold, Sebastian and Simons, Nadja and Steitz, Iris and Teuscher, Miriam and Thiele, Jan and Weithmann, Sandra and Wells, Konstans and Wiesner, Kerstin and Ayasse, Manfred and Blüthgen, Nico and Fischer, Markus and Weisser, Wolfgang}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, keywords = {biodiversityexploratories farmingpractice fertilisation grasslandmaintenance grasslandmanagementsurvey grazing intensificationofgrasslanduse livestockunits mowing myown nitrogen questionnaire temporalvariation}, month = {sep}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, title = {Eleven years' data of grassland management in Germany}, volume = 7, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 vogt2019eleven %A Vogt, Juliane %A Klaus, Valentin %A Both, Steffen %A Fürstenau, Cornelia %A Gockel, Sonja %A Gossner, Martin %A Heinze, Johannes %A Hemp, Andreas %A Hölzel, Nobert %A Jung, Kirsten %A Kleinebecker, Till %A Lauterbach, Ralf %A Lorenzen, Katrin %A Ostrowski, Andreas %A Otto, Niclas %A Prati, Daniel %A Renner, Swen %A Schumacher, Uta %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Simons, Nadja %A Steitz, Iris %A Teuscher, Miriam %A Thiele, Jan %A Weithmann, Sandra %A Wells, Konstans %A Wiesner, Kerstin %A Ayasse, Manfred %A Blüthgen, Nico %A Fischer, Markus %A Weisser, Wolfgang %D 2019 %I Pensoft Publishers %J Biodiversity Data Journal %R 10.3897/bdj.7.e36387 %T Eleven years' data of grassland management in Germany %U https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fbdj.7.e36387 %V 7
• Leroy, Benjamin M L ; Gossner, Martin M ; Lauer, Florian P M ; Petercord, Ralf ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Jaworek, Jessica ; Weisser, Wolfgang W: Assessing Insecticide Effects in Forests: A Tree-Level Approach Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. In: Sullivan, B. (ed.) Journal of Economic Entomology vol. 112, Oxford University Press (OUP) (2019), Nr. 6, pp. 2686-2694
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  @article{leroy2019assessing, abstract = {Large-scale field studies on the ecological effects of aerial forest spraying often face methodological challenges, such as insufficient funding, difficult logistics, and legal obstacles. The resulting routine use of underpowered designs could lead to a systematic underestimation of insecticide effects on nontarget arthropod communities. We tested the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for experimental insecticide applications at tree level to increase replication in cost-efficient way. We assessed the effects of two forestry insecticides, diflubenzuron (DFB) and tebufenozide (TBF), on the oak defoliator, Thaumetopoea processionea (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), and on nontarget, tree-living Lepidoptera. Individual trees were sprayed with either insecticide or left unsprayed, in a fully factorial design involving 60 trees. Caterpillars fallen from tree crowns were sampled as a measure of mortality, while caterpillar feeding activity was monitored by collecting frass droppings. Both DFB and TBF led to greater mortality of T. processionea and lower Lepidoptera feeding activity than control levels. TBF caused measurable mortality in nontarget groups, affecting Macrolepidoptera more strongly than Microlepidoptera, while there was no significant side effect of DFB. The high treatment efficacy against the target pest indicates that UAV technology is well-suited for the application of insecticide in forests. We detected distinct responses to different insecticides among nontarget groups and suggest there is an influence of application timing and biological traits in these differences, emphasizing the need for more ecologically orientated risk assessment. UAV-supported designs can be used to link laboratory bioassays and large-scale experiments, allowing for more comprehensive assessments of insecticide effects in forest ecosystems.}, author = {Leroy, Benjamin M L and Gossner, Martin M and Lauer, Florian P M and Petercord, Ralf and Seibold, Sebastian and Jaworek, Jessica and Weisser, Wolfgang W}, editor = {Sullivan, Brian}, journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology}, keywords = {aerialapplication insecticide myown nontargetlepidoptera replication unmannedaerialvehicle}, month = {sep}, number = 6, pages = {2686-2694}, publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})}, title = {Assessing Insecticide Effects in Forests: A Tree-Level Approach Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles}, volume = 112, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 leroy2019assessing %A Leroy, Benjamin M L %A Gossner, Martin M %A Lauer, Florian P M %A Petercord, Ralf %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Jaworek, Jessica %A Weisser, Wolfgang W %D 2019 %E Sullivan, Brian %I Oxford University Press (OUP) %J Journal of Economic Entomology %N 6 %P 2686-2694 %R 10.1093/jee/toz235 %T Assessing Insecticide Effects in Forests: A Tree-Level Approach Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles %U https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjee%2Ftoz235 %V 112 %X Large-scale field studies on the ecological effects of aerial forest spraying often face methodological challenges, such as insufficient funding, difficult logistics, and legal obstacles. The resulting routine use of underpowered designs could lead to a systematic underestimation of insecticide effects on nontarget arthropod communities. We tested the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for experimental insecticide applications at tree level to increase replication in cost-efficient way. We assessed the effects of two forestry insecticides, diflubenzuron (DFB) and tebufenozide (TBF), on the oak defoliator, Thaumetopoea processionea (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), and on nontarget, tree-living Lepidoptera. Individual trees were sprayed with either insecticide or left unsprayed, in a fully factorial design involving 60 trees. Caterpillars fallen from tree crowns were sampled as a measure of mortality, while caterpillar feeding activity was monitored by collecting frass droppings. Both DFB and TBF led to greater mortality of T. processionea and lower Lepidoptera feeding activity than control levels. TBF caused measurable mortality in nontarget groups, affecting Macrolepidoptera more strongly than Microlepidoptera, while there was no significant side effect of DFB. The high treatment efficacy against the target pest indicates that UAV technology is well-suited for the application of insecticide in forests. We detected distinct responses to different insecticides among nontarget groups and suggest there is an influence of application timing and biological traits in these differences, emphasizing the need for more ecologically orientated risk assessment. UAV-supported designs can be used to link laboratory bioassays and large-scale experiments, allowing for more comprehensive assessments of insecticide effects in forest ecosystems.
• Chao, Anne ; Colwell, Robert K. ; Gotelli, Nicholas J. ; Thorn, Simon: Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation. In: Munch, S. (ed.) Ecology Letters vol. 22, Wiley (2019), Nr. 11, pp. 1913-1922
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  @article{Chao_2019, abstract = {Progressive habitat transformation causes global changes in landscape biodiversity patterns, but can be hard to quantify. Rarefaction/extrapolation approaches can quantify within-habitat biodiversity, but may not be useful for cases in which one habitat type is progressively transformed into another habitat type. To quantify biodiversity patterns in such transformed landscapes, we use Hill numbers to analyse individual-based species abundance data or replicated, sample-based incidence data. Given biodiversity data from two distinct habitat types, when a specified proportion of original habitat is transformed, our approach utilises a proportional mixture of two within-habitat rarefaction/extrapolation curves to analytically predict biodiversity changes, with bootstrap confidence intervals to assess sampling uncertainty. We also derive analytic formulas for assessing species composition (i.e. the numbers of shared and unique species) for any mixture of the two habitat types. Our analytical and numerical analyses revealed that species unique to each habitat type are the most important determinants of landscape biodiversity patterns.}, author = {Chao, Anne and Colwell, Robert K. and Gotelli, Nicholas J. and Thorn, Simon}, editor = {Munch, Stephan}, journal = {Ecology Letters}, keywords = {abundancedata biodiversity extrapolation habitatmodification habitattransformation hillnumbers incidencedata mixture myown rarefaction}, month = {aug}, number = 11, pages = {1913-1922}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation}, volume = 22, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Chao_2019 %A Chao, Anne %A Colwell, Robert K. %A Gotelli, Nicholas J. %A Thorn, Simon %D 2019 %E Munch, Stephan %I Wiley %J Ecology Letters %N 11 %P 1913-1922 %R 10.1111/ele.13322 %T Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fele.13322 %V 22 %X Progressive habitat transformation causes global changes in landscape biodiversity patterns, but can be hard to quantify. Rarefaction/extrapolation approaches can quantify within-habitat biodiversity, but may not be useful for cases in which one habitat type is progressively transformed into another habitat type. To quantify biodiversity patterns in such transformed landscapes, we use Hill numbers to analyse individual-based species abundance data or replicated, sample-based incidence data. Given biodiversity data from two distinct habitat types, when a specified proportion of original habitat is transformed, our approach utilises a proportional mixture of two within-habitat rarefaction/extrapolation curves to analytically predict biodiversity changes, with bootstrap confidence intervals to assess sampling uncertainty. We also derive analytic formulas for assessing species composition (i.e. the numbers of shared and unique species) for any mixture of the two habitat types. Our analytical and numerical analyses revealed that species unique to each habitat type are the most important determinants of landscape biodiversity patterns.
• Heinze, Johannes ; Simons, Nadja K. ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Wacker, Alexander ; Weithoff, Guntram ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Prati, Daniel ; Bezemer, T. Martijn ; Joshi, Jasmin: The relative importance of plant-soil feedbacks for plant-species performance increases with decreasing intensity of herbivory. In: Oecologia vol. 190 (2019), Nr. 3, pp. 651-664
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  @article{heinze2019relative, abstract = {Under natural conditions, aboveground herbivory and plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are omnipresent interactions strongly affecting individual plant performance. While recent research revealed that aboveground insect herbivory generally impacts the outcome of PSFs, no study tested to what extent the intensity of herbivory affects the outcome. This, however, is essential to estimate the contribution of PSFs to plant performance under natural conditions in the field. Here, we tested PSF effects both with and without exposure to aboveground herbivory for four common grass species in nine grasslands that formed a gradient of aboveground invertebrate herbivory. Without aboveground herbivores, PSFs for each of the four grass species were similar in each of the nine grasslands&mdash;both in direction and in magnitude. In the presence of herbivores, however, the PSFs differed from those measured under herbivory exclusion, and depended on the intensity of herbivory. At low levels of herbivory, PSFs were similar in the presence and absence of herbivores, but differed at high herbivory levels. While PSFs without herbivores remained similar along the gradient of herbivory intensity, increasing herbivory intensity mostly resulted in neutral PSFs in the presence of herbivores. This suggests that the relative importance of PSFs for plant-species performance in grassland communities decreases with increasing intensity of herbivory. Hence, PSFs might be more important for plant performance in ecosystems with low herbivore pressure than in ecosystems with large impacts of insect herbivores.}, author = {Heinze, Johannes and Simons, Nadja K. and Seibold, Sebastian and Wacker, Alexander and Weithoff, Guntram and Gossner, Martin M. and Prati, Daniel and Bezemer, T. Martijn and Joshi, Jasmin}, journal = {Oecologia}, keywords = {fieldconditions herbivorousinsects myown nutritionalquality plantsoilfeedback selectiveherbivory}, month = {jul}, number = 3, pages = {651-664}, title = {The relative importance of plant-soil feedbacks for plant-species performance increases with decreasing intensity of herbivory}, volume = 190, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 heinze2019relative %A Heinze, Johannes %A Simons, Nadja K. %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Wacker, Alexander %A Weithoff, Guntram %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Prati, Daniel %A Bezemer, T. Martijn %A Joshi, Jasmin %D 2019 %J Oecologia %N 3 %P 651-664 %R 10.1007/s00442-019-04442-9 %T The relative importance of plant-soil feedbacks for plant-species performance increases with decreasing intensity of herbivory %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04442-9 %V 190 %X Under natural conditions, aboveground herbivory and plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are omnipresent interactions strongly affecting individual plant performance. While recent research revealed that aboveground insect herbivory generally impacts the outcome of PSFs, no study tested to what extent the intensity of herbivory affects the outcome. This, however, is essential to estimate the contribution of PSFs to plant performance under natural conditions in the field. Here, we tested PSF effects both with and without exposure to aboveground herbivory for four common grass species in nine grasslands that formed a gradient of aboveground invertebrate herbivory. Without aboveground herbivores, PSFs for each of the four grass species were similar in each of the nine grasslands---both in direction and in magnitude. In the presence of herbivores, however, the PSFs differed from those measured under herbivory exclusion, and depended on the intensity of herbivory. At low levels of herbivory, PSFs were similar in the presence and absence of herbivores, but differed at high herbivory levels. While PSFs without herbivores remained similar along the gradient of herbivory intensity, increasing herbivory intensity mostly resulted in neutral PSFs in the presence of herbivores. This suggests that the relative importance of PSFs for plant-species performance in grassland communities decreases with increasing intensity of herbivory. Hence, PSFs might be more important for plant performance in ecosystems with low herbivore pressure than in ecosystems with large impacts of insect herbivores.
• Krah, Franz-Sebastian ; Büntgen, Ulf ; Schaefer, Hanno ; Müller, Jörg ; Andrew, Carrie ; Boddy, Lynne ; Diez, Jeffrey ; Egli, Simon ; Freckleton, Robert ; et al.: European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates. In: Nature Communications vol. 10, Springer Science and Business Media LLC (2019), Nr. 1
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  @article{krah2019european, abstract = {Thermal melanism theory states that dark-colored ectotherm organisms are at an advantage at low temperature due to increased warming. This theory is generally supported for ectotherm animals, however, the function of colors in the fungal kingdom is largely unknown. Here, we test whether the color lightness of mushroom assemblages is related to climate using a dataset of 3.2 million observations of 3,054 species across Europe. Consistent with the thermal melanism theory, mushroom assemblages are significantly darker in areas with cold climates. We further show differences in color phenotype between fungal lifestyles and a lifestyle differentiated response to seasonality. These results indicate a more complex ecological role of mushroom colors and suggest functions beyond thermal adaption. Because fungi play a crucial role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles, understanding the links between the thermal environment, functional coloration and species’ geographical distributions will be critical in predicting ecosystem responses to global warming.}, author = {Krah, Franz-Sebastian and Büntgen, Ulf and Schaefer, Hanno and Müller, Jörg and Andrew, Carrie and Boddy, Lynne and Diez, Jeffrey and Egli, Simon and Freckleton, Robert and Gange, Alan C. and Halvorsen, Rune and Heegaard, Einar and Heideroth, Antje and Heibl, Christoph and Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob and H{\o}iland, Klaus and Kar, Ritwika and Kauserud, H{\aa}vard and Kirk, Paul M. and Kuyper, Thomas W. and Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard and Norden, Jenni and Papastefanou, Phillip and Senn-Irlet, Beatrice and Bässler, Claus}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {myown}, month = {jun}, number = 1, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates}, volume = 10, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 krah2019european %A Krah, Franz-Sebastian %A Büntgen, Ulf %A Schaefer, Hanno %A Müller, Jörg %A Andrew, Carrie %A Boddy, Lynne %A Diez, Jeffrey %A Egli, Simon %A Freckleton, Robert %A Gange, Alan C. %A Halvorsen, Rune %A Heegaard, Einar %A Heideroth, Antje %A Heibl, Christoph %A Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob %A Hoiland, Klaus %A Kar, Ritwika %A Kauserud, Haavard %A Kirk, Paul M. %A Kuyper, Thomas W. %A Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard %A Norden, Jenni %A Papastefanou, Phillip %A Senn-Irlet, Beatrice %A Bässler, Claus %D 2019 %I Springer Science and Business Media LLC %J Nature Communications %N 1 %R 10.1038/s41467-019-10767-z %T European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates %U https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-019-10767-z %V 10 %X Thermal melanism theory states that dark-colored ectotherm organisms are at an advantage at low temperature due to increased warming. This theory is generally supported for ectotherm animals, however, the function of colors in the fungal kingdom is largely unknown. Here, we test whether the color lightness of mushroom assemblages is related to climate using a dataset of 3.2 million observations of 3,054 species across Europe. Consistent with the thermal melanism theory, mushroom assemblages are significantly darker in areas with cold climates. We further show differences in color phenotype between fungal lifestyles and a lifestyle differentiated response to seasonality. These results indicate a more complex ecological role of mushroom colors and suggest functions beyond thermal adaption. Because fungi play a crucial role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles, understanding the links between the thermal environment, functional coloration and species’ geographical distributions will be critical in predicting ecosystem responses to global warming.
• Hagge, Jonas ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Gruppe, Axel: Beetle biodiversity in anthropogenic landscapes with a focus on spruce plantations, Christmas tree plantations and maize fields. In: Journal of Insect Conservation vol. 23 (2019), Nr. 3, pp. 565-572
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  @article{hagge2019beetle, abstract = {In Europe, anthropogenic habitats that are optimised for agriculture and forestry purposes have widely replaced natural habitats. To assess their value for biodiversity, we compared beetle communities among three anthropogenic land use types, namely spruce plantations, Christmas tree plantations and maize fields. These three land use types are all characterised by high phytobiomass and vertical plant structure and represent a gradient of anthropogenic impact linked to fertilisation, pesticide use, frequent operation of machinery and rotation period length. We found that all components of beetle diversity, i.e. abundance, number of species and Simpson diversity as well as the number of threatened beetle species decreased with increasing anthropogenic impact from spruce plantations to Christmas tree plantations to maize fields. However, beetle biomass was relatively high in maize fields, due to the abundant species in this land use type having a high body mass. Community composition changed with anthropogenic impact. Beetle communities in maize fields were characterised by a higher frequency of zoophagous beetles and a lower frequency of saprophagous/mycetophagous and xylophagous beetles than those in Christmas tree plantations and spruce plantations. The low value of maize fields for beetle biodiversity is concerning because the area covered by maize increased over the last decade by 26.7{\%} and now constitutes 13.5{\%} of arable land globally.}, author = {Hagge, Jonas and Seibold, Sebastian and Gruppe, Axel}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, keywords = {anthropogenichabitats biodiversity coleoptera conservationbiology landusechange malaisetrap myown}, month = {jun}, number = 3, pages = {565-572}, title = {Beetle biodiversity in anthropogenic landscapes with a focus on spruce plantations, Christmas tree plantations and maize fields}, volume = 23, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 hagge2019beetle %A Hagge, Jonas %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Gruppe, Axel %D 2019 %J Journal of Insect Conservation %N 3 %P 565-572 %R 10.1007/s10841-019-00146-w %T Beetle biodiversity in anthropogenic landscapes with a focus on spruce plantations, Christmas tree plantations and maize fields %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00146-w %V 23 %X In Europe, anthropogenic habitats that are optimised for agriculture and forestry purposes have widely replaced natural habitats. To assess their value for biodiversity, we compared beetle communities among three anthropogenic land use types, namely spruce plantations, Christmas tree plantations and maize fields. These three land use types are all characterised by high phytobiomass and vertical plant structure and represent a gradient of anthropogenic impact linked to fertilisation, pesticide use, frequent operation of machinery and rotation period length. We found that all components of beetle diversity, i.e. abundance, number of species and Simpson diversity as well as the number of threatened beetle species decreased with increasing anthropogenic impact from spruce plantations to Christmas tree plantations to maize fields. However, beetle biomass was relatively high in maize fields, due to the abundant species in this land use type having a high body mass. Community composition changed with anthropogenic impact. Beetle communities in maize fields were characterised by a higher frequency of zoophagous beetles and a lower frequency of saprophagous/mycetophagous and xylophagous beetles than those in Christmas tree plantations and spruce plantations. The low value of maize fields for beetle biodiversity is concerning because the area covered by maize increased over the last decade by 26.7% and now constitutes 13.5% of arable land globally.
• Seibold, Sebastian ; Müller, Jörg ; Baldrian, Petr ; Cadotte, Marc W. ; vStursová, Martina ; Biedermann, Peter H.W. ; Krah, Franz-Sebastian ; Bässler, Claus: Fungi associated with beetles dispersing from dead wood - Let's take the beetle bus!. In: Fungal Ecology vol. 39, Elsevier BV (2019), pp. 100-108
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  @article{seibold2019fungi, abstract = {Spore characteristics of wood-inhabiting fungi suggest that wind is their predominant dispersal vector. However, since they are restricted to ephemeral habitats, colonizing new patches should benefit from dispersal by animals with similar habitat preferences because the directed, resource-searching movement of animals increases the likelihood of reaching suitable habitats. Here we determine which fungal guilds are carried by wood-inhabiting beetles and what influences beetle-associated fungal communities. High-throughput sequencing identified >1800 fungal taxa from beetle communities that emerged from 64 experimental logs. Beetle-associated fungi included mutualistic, decomposing, pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi; decomposers were the most diverse. Partial-procrustes analysis revealed that the total beetle-associated community and mutualists were correlated (p 0.05) with beetle community composition and decomposers were marginally correlated (p 0.10) with beetle community composition. All three groups were marginally correlated with the total fungal communities that inhabit the dead wood. Our results show that beetles carry a broad range of wood-inhabiting fungi and beetle-associated fungal communities are determined by environmental factors and the vectoring beetle community and to some degree by the fungal source community. This suggests that wood-inhabiting beetles contribute to fungal dispersal, including directed dispersal, which could affect fungal community assembly and ecosystem processes like wood decomposition.}, author = {Seibold, Sebastian and Müller, Jörg and Baldrian, Petr and Cadotte, Marc W. and {\v{S}}tursov{{á}}, Martina and Biedermann, Peter H.W. and Krah, Franz-Sebastian and Bässler, Claus}, journal = {Fungal Ecology}, keywords = {directeddispersal ecosystemfunction facilitation forest myown saproxylic vectoring woodydebris}, month = {jun}, pages = {100-108}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Fungi associated with beetles dispersing from dead wood - Let's take the beetle bus!}, volume = 39, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 seibold2019fungi %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Müller, Jörg %A Baldrian, Petr %A Cadotte, Marc W. %A vStursová, Martina %A Biedermann, Peter H.W. %A Krah, Franz-Sebastian %A Bässler, Claus %D 2019 %I Elsevier BV %J Fungal Ecology %P 100-108 %R 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.016 %T Fungi associated with beetles dispersing from dead wood - Let's take the beetle bus! %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.funeco.2018.11.016 %V 39 %X Spore characteristics of wood-inhabiting fungi suggest that wind is their predominant dispersal vector. However, since they are restricted to ephemeral habitats, colonizing new patches should benefit from dispersal by animals with similar habitat preferences because the directed, resource-searching movement of animals increases the likelihood of reaching suitable habitats. Here we determine which fungal guilds are carried by wood-inhabiting beetles and what influences beetle-associated fungal communities. High-throughput sequencing identified >1800 fungal taxa from beetle communities that emerged from 64 experimental logs. Beetle-associated fungi included mutualistic, decomposing, pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi; decomposers were the most diverse. Partial-procrustes analysis revealed that the total beetle-associated community and mutualists were correlated (p 0.05) with beetle community composition and decomposers were marginally correlated (p 0.10) with beetle community composition. All three groups were marginally correlated with the total fungal communities that inhabit the dead wood. Our results show that beetles carry a broad range of wood-inhabiting fungi and beetle-associated fungal communities are determined by environmental factors and the vectoring beetle community and to some degree by the fungal source community. This suggests that wood-inhabiting beetles contribute to fungal dispersal, including directed dispersal, which could affect fungal community assembly and ecosystem processes like wood decomposition.
• Sandström, Jennie ; Bernes, Claes ; Junninen, Kaisa ; L~ohmus, Asko ; Macdonald, Ellen ; Müller, Jörg ; Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar: Impacts of dead wood manipulation on the biodiversity of temperate and boreal forests. A systematic review. In: Mukul, S. (ed.) Journal of Applied Ecology vol. 56, Wiley (2019), Nr. 7, pp. 1770-1781
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  @article{sandström2019impacts, abstract = {1. Dead wood (DW) provides critical habitat for thousands of species in forests, but its amount, quality and diversity have been heavily reduced by forestry. Therefore, interventions aiming to increase DW might be necessary to support its associated biodiversity, even in protected forests, which may be former production forests. Our aim was to synthesize the current state of knowledge drawn from replicated experimental studies into solid quantitative evidence of the effects of DW manipulation on forest biodiversity, with a focus on protected forests. 2. We conducted a full systematic review of effects of DW manipulation on forest biodiversity in boreal and temperate regions. We included three intervention types: creation of DW from live trees at the site, addition of DW from outside the site and prescribed burning. Outcomes included abundance and species richness of saproxylic insects, ground insects, wood‐inhabiting fungi, lichens, reptiles and cavity‐nesting birds. In total, we included 91 studies, 37 of which were used in meta‐analyses. 3. Although meta‐analysis outcomes were heterogeneous, they showed that increasing the amount of DW (“DW enrichment”) has positive effects on the abundance and richness of saproxylic insects and fungi. The positive effect on saproxylic pest insect abundance tended to be less than that on saproxylic insects in general. No significant effects were found for ground insects or cavity‐nesting birds. 4. Although reviewed studies were mainly short term, our results support that management that increases DW amounts has the potential to increase the abundance of DW‐dependent species and, in most cases, also their species richness. Studies of burning showed positive effects on the abundance of saproxylic insects similar to those of other interventions, even though burning on average resulted in a smaller enrichment of DW amounts. 5. Policy implications. The findings of the review suggest that manipulating dead wood (DW) can be an effective part of conservation management to support biodiversity in protected areas. The findings also indicate that the diversity of DW types is important, a mix of DW qualities should be favoured. Burning seems to be an effective method to increase biodiversity but to benefit cavity‐nesting birds, snag losses need to be minimized.}, author = {Sandström, Jennie and Bernes, Claes and Junninen, Kaisa and L{\&nbsp;{o}}hmus, Asko and Macdonald, Ellen and Müller, Jörg and Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar}, editor = {Mukul, Sharif}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {coarsewoodydebris deadwood diversity forestconservation forestrestoration habitatmanagement myown prescribedburning saproxylic}, month = {may}, number = 7, pages = {1770-1781}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Impacts of dead wood manipulation on the biodiversity of temperate and boreal forests. A systematic review}, volume = 56, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 sandström2019impacts %A Sandström, Jennie %A Bernes, Claes %A Junninen, Kaisa %A L~ohmus, Asko %A Macdonald, Ellen %A Müller, Jörg %A Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar %D 2019 %E Mukul, Sharif %I Wiley %J Journal of Applied Ecology %N 7 %P 1770-1781 %R 10.1111/1365-2664.13395 %T Impacts of dead wood manipulation on the biodiversity of temperate and boreal forests. A systematic review %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13395 %V 56 %X 1. Dead wood (DW) provides critical habitat for thousands of species in forests, but its amount, quality and diversity have been heavily reduced by forestry. Therefore, interventions aiming to increase DW might be necessary to support its associated biodiversity, even in protected forests, which may be former production forests. Our aim was to synthesize the current state of knowledge drawn from replicated experimental studies into solid quantitative evidence of the effects of DW manipulation on forest biodiversity, with a focus on protected forests. 2. We conducted a full systematic review of effects of DW manipulation on forest biodiversity in boreal and temperate regions. We included three intervention types: creation of DW from live trees at the site, addition of DW from outside the site and prescribed burning. Outcomes included abundance and species richness of saproxylic insects, ground insects, wood‐inhabiting fungi, lichens, reptiles and cavity‐nesting birds. In total, we included 91 studies, 37 of which were used in meta‐analyses. 3. Although meta‐analysis outcomes were heterogeneous, they showed that increasing the amount of DW (“DW enrichment”) has positive effects on the abundance and richness of saproxylic insects and fungi. The positive effect on saproxylic pest insect abundance tended to be less than that on saproxylic insects in general. No significant effects were found for ground insects or cavity‐nesting birds. 4. Although reviewed studies were mainly short term, our results support that management that increases DW amounts has the potential to increase the abundance of DW‐dependent species and, in most cases, also their species richness. Studies of burning showed positive effects on the abundance of saproxylic insects similar to those of other interventions, even though burning on average resulted in a smaller enrichment of DW amounts. 5. Policy implications. The findings of the review suggest that manipulating dead wood (DW) can be an effective part of conservation management to support biodiversity in protected areas. The findings also indicate that the diversity of DW types is important, a mix of DW qualities should be favoured. Burning seems to be an effective method to increase biodiversity but to benefit cavity‐nesting birds, snag losses need to be minimized.
• Hlásny, Tomávs ; Krokene, Paal ; Liebhold, Andrew ; Montagné-Huck, Claire ; Müller, Jörg ; Qin, Hua ; Raffa, Kenneth ; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan ; Seidl, Rupert ; et al.: Living with bark beetles: impacts, outlook and management options, European Forest Institute (2019)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @misc{Hlasny_2019, author = {Hl{{á}}sny, Tom{{á}}{\v{s}} and Krokene, Paal and Liebhold, Andrew and Montagn{{é}}-Huck, Claire and Müller, Jörg and Qin, Hua and Raffa, Kenneth and Schelhaas, Mart-Jan and Seidl, Rupert and Svoboda, Miroslav and Viiri, Heli}, keywords = {myown}, month = {apr}, publisher = {European Forest Institute}, title = {Living with bark beetles: impacts, outlook and management options}, year = 2019 }
  %0 Generic %1 Hlasny_2019 %A Hlásny, Tomávs %A Krokene, Paal %A Liebhold, Andrew %A Montagné-Huck, Claire %A Müller, Jörg %A Qin, Hua %A Raffa, Kenneth %A Schelhaas, Mart-Jan %A Seidl, Rupert %A Svoboda, Miroslav %A Viiri, Heli %D 2019 %I European Forest Institute %R 10.36333/fs08 %T Living with bark beetles: impacts, outlook and management options %U https://doi.org/10.36333%2Ffs08
• Viljur, M.-L. ; Relve, A. ; Gimbutas, M. ; Kaasik, A. ; Teder, T.: Dispersal of open-habitat butterflies in managed forest landscapes: are colonisers special?. In: Journal of Insect Conservation vol. 23 (2019), Nr. 2, pp. 259-267
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  @article{viljur2019dispersal, abstract = {Forests managed by clear-cutting, rich in open spaces, provide alternative habitat for many grassland butterfly species in boreal and temperate environments. We have recently shown that local butterfly assemblages in forest openings are shaped by environmental filtering rather than dispersal limitation. However, at the level of individual movements, forest is known to form dispersal barrier for open-habitat butterflies&mdash;routine movements associated with resource exploitation do not result in dispersal in such landscapes. Typically, clear-cuts are varyingly surrounded by forest, meaning that movements between them and colonisation of newly created clear-cuts often require crossing hard boundaries between open habitat and matrix. Butterflies making such dispersal decisions may not be a random sample of individuals from the population. We used this semi-experimental landscape configuration with distinct habitat patches and matrix to examine if dispersal decisions are associated with special morphological phenotypes. Contrary to expectations, we found no significant associations between flight morphology and realised dispersal decisions&mdash;colonisers of isolated clear-cuts (fully surrounded by forest) did not differ from individuals of surrounding non-isolated habitats in any of measured wing traits. The differences in flight morphology between contrasting sites were negligible in all species and there were no consistent differences between males and females. As a possible interpretation, we link our findings to frequent, deterministic events of habitat loss and formation in forests managed by clear-cutting which may imply that virtually all phenotypes in such landscapes represent ``dispersal phenotypes''.}, author = {Viljur, M.-L. and Relve, A. and Gimbutas, M. and Kaasik, A. and Teder, T.}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, keywords = {dispersalability dispersalpropensity dispersalsyndrome emigration forestry myown wingaspectratio}, month = {apr}, number = 2, pages = {259-267}, title = {Dispersal of open-habitat butterflies in managed forest landscapes: are colonisers special?}, volume = 23, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 viljur2019dispersal %A Viljur, M.-L. %A Relve, A. %A Gimbutas, M. %A Kaasik, A. %A Teder, T. %D 2019 %J Journal of Insect Conservation %N 2 %P 259-267 %R 10.1007/s10841-018-0112-6 %T Dispersal of open-habitat butterflies in managed forest landscapes: are colonisers special? %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0112-6 %V 23 %X Forests managed by clear-cutting, rich in open spaces, provide alternative habitat for many grassland butterfly species in boreal and temperate environments. We have recently shown that local butterfly assemblages in forest openings are shaped by environmental filtering rather than dispersal limitation. However, at the level of individual movements, forest is known to form dispersal barrier for open-habitat butterflies---routine movements associated with resource exploitation do not result in dispersal in such landscapes. Typically, clear-cuts are varyingly surrounded by forest, meaning that movements between them and colonisation of newly created clear-cuts often require crossing hard boundaries between open habitat and matrix. Butterflies making such dispersal decisions may not be a random sample of individuals from the population. We used this semi-experimental landscape configuration with distinct habitat patches and matrix to examine if dispersal decisions are associated with special morphological phenotypes. Contrary to expectations, we found no significant associations between flight morphology and realised dispersal decisions---colonisers of isolated clear-cuts (fully surrounded by forest) did not differ from individuals of surrounding non-isolated habitats in any of measured wing traits. The differences in flight morphology between contrasting sites were negligible in all species and there were no consistent differences between males and females. As a possible interpretation, we link our findings to frequent, deterministic events of habitat loss and formation in forests managed by clear-cutting which may imply that virtually all phenotypes in such landscapes represent ``dispersal phenotypes''.
• Leidinger, Jan ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Lange, Markus ; Schall, Peter ; Türke, Manfred ; Gossner, Martin M.: Effects of forest management on herbivorous insects in temperate Europe. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 437, Elsevier BV (2019), pp. 232-245
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  @article{leidinger2019effects, abstract = {Herbivorous insects play an important role in forest ecosystems, but their response to forest management is not well known. We tested how various aspects of forest management affect the abundance and species richness as well as the community composition of herbivorous insects in temperate European forests, applying a large scale approach that included 126 forests in three regions, two forest strata (understory and canopy), and three herbivorous guilds (xylophages, leaf chewers, plant suckers). Forest management was characterized by a recently developed silvicultural management index, stand developmental stage, and dominating tree species. We sampled more than 44,710 individuals of 698 species of herbivorous Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Overall, forest management caused shifts in herbivore community composition. Responses of abundances and species richness varied between feeding guilds and forest strata. Forest management intensity had opposing effects on herbivores in the two forest strata, with abundances tending to be negatively affected in the canopy layer but positively in the understory. Effects on species richness were weak overall and only significant in plant suckers, with slightly higher species richness at high management intensities. Stand developmental stage of beech forests mainly impacted plant suckers, with abundance increasing with stand age. However, a general positive effect of stand age on forest herbivores can be suggested, as abundances of all feeding guilds responded positively to stand biomass. Oak forests were found to harbor a significantly higher species richness of leaf chewers and the highest abundance of plant suckers compared to all other stands. And while canopies of pine stands exhibited low abundances of leaf chewers, they were found to have positive effects on plant sucker species richness compared to pure beech stands. Our results show that management intensity significantly alters the species composition and abundances of forest herbivores, albeit effects vary depending on forest stratum. This strongly suggests that the forest canopy needs to be considered for a reliable estimation of the consequences of forest management on herbivorous insects. Decisions on tree species composition should be made diligently, as they have significant impact on the abundance and species richness of some forest herbivores and, consequently, also on the ecosystem processes they shape.}, author = {Leidinger, Jan and Seibold, Sebastian and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Lange, Markus and Schall, Peter and Türke, Manfred and Gossner, Martin M.}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {biodiversity feedingtraits forestcanopy forestmanagement myown phytophages}, month = {apr}, pages = {232-245}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Effects of forest management on herbivorous insects in temperate Europe}, volume = 437, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 leidinger2019effects %A Leidinger, Jan %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Lange, Markus %A Schall, Peter %A Türke, Manfred %A Gossner, Martin M. %D 2019 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 232-245 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.013 %T Effects of forest management on herbivorous insects in temperate Europe %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2019.01.013 %V 437 %X Herbivorous insects play an important role in forest ecosystems, but their response to forest management is not well known. We tested how various aspects of forest management affect the abundance and species richness as well as the community composition of herbivorous insects in temperate European forests, applying a large scale approach that included 126 forests in three regions, two forest strata (understory and canopy), and three herbivorous guilds (xylophages, leaf chewers, plant suckers). Forest management was characterized by a recently developed silvicultural management index, stand developmental stage, and dominating tree species. We sampled more than 44,710 individuals of 698 species of herbivorous Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Overall, forest management caused shifts in herbivore community composition. Responses of abundances and species richness varied between feeding guilds and forest strata. Forest management intensity had opposing effects on herbivores in the two forest strata, with abundances tending to be negatively affected in the canopy layer but positively in the understory. Effects on species richness were weak overall and only significant in plant suckers, with slightly higher species richness at high management intensities. Stand developmental stage of beech forests mainly impacted plant suckers, with abundance increasing with stand age. However, a general positive effect of stand age on forest herbivores can be suggested, as abundances of all feeding guilds responded positively to stand biomass. Oak forests were found to harbor a significantly higher species richness of leaf chewers and the highest abundance of plant suckers compared to all other stands. And while canopies of pine stands exhibited low abundances of leaf chewers, they were found to have positive effects on plant sucker species richness compared to pure beech stands. Our results show that management intensity significantly alters the species composition and abundances of forest herbivores, albeit effects vary depending on forest stratum. This strongly suggests that the forest canopy needs to be considered for a reliable estimation of the consequences of forest management on herbivorous insects. Decisions on tree species composition should be made diligently, as they have significant impact on the abundance and species richness of some forest herbivores and, consequently, also on the ecosystem processes they shape.
• Hagge, Jonas ; Abrego, Nerea ; Bässler, Claus ; Bouget, Christophe ; Brin, Antoine ; Brustel, Herve ; Christensen, Morten ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob ; et al.: Congruent patterns of functional diversity in saproxylic beetles and fungi across European beech forests. In: Journal of Biogeography vol. 46, Wiley (2019), Nr. 5, pp. 1054-1065
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  @article{Hagge_2019, abstract = {Aim: Beech forests comprise a globally unique temperate forest type in Europe. The dominance of beech in these forests developed during the ongoing post-­glacial northward re-­colonization, concurrently with intensified forest use by humans. We investigated how these two processes together with climate shaped the patterns of functional diversity of two major species groups involved in wood decomposition and whether functional diversity is determined on the local or regional species pool level. Location: European beech forest distribution range. Taxon: Saproxylic beetles and fungi. Methods: We analysed records of 532,496 saproxylic beetles of 788 species and 8,630 records of 234 saproxylic fungal species based on sets of traits similar to both groups. We tested how space, climate and landscape composition affect trait-­based functional diversity on local and regional scales. Using structural equation modelling, we tested whether functional diversity is shaped on the local or regional scale. Results: The response of local functional diversity of both saproxylic beetles and fungi followed a highly congruent pattern of decreasing functional diversity towards the north, with higher elevation and accounted for overall geographical gradients with higher temperature, while increasing with higher precipitation. Structural equation modelling revealed that local functional diversity is determined by community changes operating on the level of the regional species pool. Main conclusions: Our findings suggest that the functional diversity patterns of saproxylic organisms in European beech forests are mainly determined on the regional scale and driven by anthropogenic and biogeographical processes. To conserve the variation and hotspots of functional diversity in beech forests, activities have to focus on a broad spatial and climatic range of sites throughout Europe, including the primeval forests in the east, as started by the UNESCO World Heritage selection of “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe”.}, author = {Hagge, Jonas and Abrego, Nerea and Bässler, Claus and Bouget, Christophe and Brin, Antoine and Brustel, Herve and Christensen, Morten and Gossner, Martin M. and Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob and Hor{{á}}k, Jakub and Gruppe, Axel and Isacsson, Gunnar and Köhler, Frank and Lachat, Thibault and Larrieu, Laurent and Schlaghamersky, Jiri and Thorn, Simon and Zapponi, Livia and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {Fagussylvatica beetles biogeographicalhistory deadwood decomposition functionaldiversity fungi landuseintensity myown saproxylic}, month = {apr}, number = 5, pages = {1054-1065}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Congruent patterns of functional diversity in saproxylic beetles and fungi across European beech forests}, volume = 46, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Hagge_2019 %A Hagge, Jonas %A Abrego, Nerea %A Bässler, Claus %A Bouget, Christophe %A Brin, Antoine %A Brustel, Herve %A Christensen, Morten %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob %A Horák, Jakub %A Gruppe, Axel %A Isacsson, Gunnar %A Köhler, Frank %A Lachat, Thibault %A Larrieu, Laurent %A Schlaghamersky, Jiri %A Thorn, Simon %A Zapponi, Livia %A Müller, Jörg %D 2019 %I Wiley %J Journal of Biogeography %N 5 %P 1054-1065 %R 10.1111/jbi.13556 %T Congruent patterns of functional diversity in saproxylic beetles and fungi across European beech forests %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjbi.13556 %V 46 %X Aim: Beech forests comprise a globally unique temperate forest type in Europe. The dominance of beech in these forests developed during the ongoing post-­glacial northward re-­colonization, concurrently with intensified forest use by humans. We investigated how these two processes together with climate shaped the patterns of functional diversity of two major species groups involved in wood decomposition and whether functional diversity is determined on the local or regional species pool level. Location: European beech forest distribution range. Taxon: Saproxylic beetles and fungi. Methods: We analysed records of 532,496 saproxylic beetles of 788 species and 8,630 records of 234 saproxylic fungal species based on sets of traits similar to both groups. We tested how space, climate and landscape composition affect trait-­based functional diversity on local and regional scales. Using structural equation modelling, we tested whether functional diversity is shaped on the local or regional scale. Results: The response of local functional diversity of both saproxylic beetles and fungi followed a highly congruent pattern of decreasing functional diversity towards the north, with higher elevation and accounted for overall geographical gradients with higher temperature, while increasing with higher precipitation. Structural equation modelling revealed that local functional diversity is determined by community changes operating on the level of the regional species pool. Main conclusions: Our findings suggest that the functional diversity patterns of saproxylic organisms in European beech forests are mainly determined on the regional scale and driven by anthropogenic and biogeographical processes. To conserve the variation and hotspots of functional diversity in beech forests, activities have to focus on a broad spatial and climatic range of sites throughout Europe, including the primeval forests in the east, as started by the UNESCO World Heritage selection of “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe”.
• Thorn, Simon ; Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Thorn, Christine J. ; Beudert, Burkhard: Education and knowledge determine preference for bark beetle control measures in El Salvador. In: Journal of Environmental Management vol. 232, Elsevier BV (2019), pp. 138-144
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  @article{Thorn_2019, abstract = {Extensive outbreaks of bark beetles have affected not only large parts of coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, but also - largely absent from global attention - native pine forests of Central America. As such outbreaks frequently spark management debates among residents, land managers, forest owners and the public, the social acceptance of bark beetle control measures has become crucial for modern land management. However, the sociological and psychological determinants of the preference for specific bark beetle control measures outside protected areas remain unclear. To determine the acceptability of bark beetle control measures in El Salvador, we assessed how demographic variables, attitude towards the bark beetle, education, and self-reported knowledge affected the preference for different bark beetle control measures in a survey of government employees and local forest owners using a quantitative questionnaire survey. Cumulative link mixed models revealed that the general preference for control measures increased with increasing self-reported knowledge about the bark beetle but decreased with increasing level of respondent education and an increasing positive attitude towards the bark beetle. Respondents generally preferred beetle control measures on small areas than on large areas. Preferences for control measures did not differ between government employees and forest owners, with controlled burning and chemical control significantly less accepted than stand thinning or salvage logging. We discuss the most preferred control measures considering recent scientific evidence of their efficacy and conclude that the current bark beetle outbreak should be controlled through logging of pines weakened by fire in the short-term and by stand thinning in the medium-term to prevent further outbreaks.}, author = {Thorn, Simon and Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Thorn, Christine J. and Beudert, Burkhard}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, keywords = {barkbeetle climatechange environmentalrisk myown salvagelogging stakeholder}, month = {feb}, pages = {138-144}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Education and knowledge determine preference for bark beetle control measures in El Salvador}, volume = 232, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Thorn_2019 %A Thorn, Simon %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Thorn, Christine J. %A Beudert, Burkhard %D 2019 %I Elsevier BV %J Journal of Environmental Management %P 138-144 %R 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.032 %T Education and knowledge determine preference for bark beetle control measures in El Salvador %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2018.11.032 %V 232 %X Extensive outbreaks of bark beetles have affected not only large parts of coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, but also - largely absent from global attention - native pine forests of Central America. As such outbreaks frequently spark management debates among residents, land managers, forest owners and the public, the social acceptance of bark beetle control measures has become crucial for modern land management. However, the sociological and psychological determinants of the preference for specific bark beetle control measures outside protected areas remain unclear. To determine the acceptability of bark beetle control measures in El Salvador, we assessed how demographic variables, attitude towards the bark beetle, education, and self-reported knowledge affected the preference for different bark beetle control measures in a survey of government employees and local forest owners using a quantitative questionnaire survey. Cumulative link mixed models revealed that the general preference for control measures increased with increasing self-reported knowledge about the bark beetle but decreased with increasing level of respondent education and an increasing positive attitude towards the bark beetle. Respondents generally preferred beetle control measures on small areas than on large areas. Preferences for control measures did not differ between government employees and forest owners, with controlled burning and chemical control significantly less accepted than stand thinning or salvage logging. We discuss the most preferred control measures considering recent scientific evidence of their efficacy and conclude that the current bark beetle outbreak should be controlled through logging of pines weakened by fire in the short-term and by stand thinning in the medium-term to prevent further outbreaks.
• Leonhardt, Sabrina ; Hoppe, Björn ; Stengel, Elisa ; Noll, Lisa ; Moll, Julia ; Bässler, Claus ; Dahl, Andreas ; Buscot, Francois ; Hofrichter, Martin ; et al.: Molecular fungal community and its decomposition activity in sapwood and heartwood of 13 temperate European tree species. In: PLOS ONE vol. 14, Public Library of Science (2019), Nr. 2, pp. 1-21
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  @article{leonhardt2019molecular, abstract = {Deadwood is an important structural component in forest ecosystems and plays a significant role in global carbon and nutrient cycling. Relatively little is known about the formation and decomposition of CWD by microbial communities in situ and about the factors controlling the associated processes. In this study, we intensively analyzed the molecular fungal community composition and species richness in relation to extracellular enzyme activity and differences in decomposing sapwood and heartwood of 13 temperate tree species (four coniferous and nine deciduous species, log diameter 30–40 cm and 4 m long) in an artificial experiment involving placing the logs on the forest soil for six years. We observed strong differences in the molecular fungal community composition and richness among the 13 tree species, and specifically between deciduous and coniferous wood, but unexpectedly no difference was found between sapwood and heartwood. Fungal species richness correlated positively with wood extractives and negatively with fungal biomass. A distinct fungal community secreting lignocellulolytic key enzymes seemed to dominate the decomposition of the logs in this specific phase. In particular, the relative sequence abundance of basidiomycetous species of the Meruliaceae (e.g. Bjerkandera adusta) correlated with ligninolytic manganese peroxidase activity. Moreover, this study reveals abundant white-rot causing Basidiomycota and soft-rot causing Ascomycota during this phase of wood decomposition.}, author = {Leonhardt, Sabrina and Hoppe, Björn and Stengel, Elisa and Noll, Lisa and Moll, Julia and Bässler, Claus and Dahl, Andreas and Buscot, Francois and Hofrichter, Martin and Kellner, Harald}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, keywords = {myown}, month = {02}, number = 2, pages = {1-21}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {Molecular fungal community and its decomposition activity in sapwood and heartwood of 13 temperate European tree species}, volume = 14, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 leonhardt2019molecular %A Leonhardt, Sabrina %A Hoppe, Björn %A Stengel, Elisa %A Noll, Lisa %A Moll, Julia %A Bässler, Claus %A Dahl, Andreas %A Buscot, Francois %A Hofrichter, Martin %A Kellner, Harald %D 2019 %I Public Library of Science %J PLOS ONE %N 2 %P 1-21 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0212120 %T Molecular fungal community and its decomposition activity in sapwood and heartwood of 13 temperate European tree species %U https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212120 %V 14 %X Deadwood is an important structural component in forest ecosystems and plays a significant role in global carbon and nutrient cycling. Relatively little is known about the formation and decomposition of CWD by microbial communities in situ and about the factors controlling the associated processes. In this study, we intensively analyzed the molecular fungal community composition and species richness in relation to extracellular enzyme activity and differences in decomposing sapwood and heartwood of 13 temperate tree species (four coniferous and nine deciduous species, log diameter 30–40 cm and 4 m long) in an artificial experiment involving placing the logs on the forest soil for six years. We observed strong differences in the molecular fungal community composition and richness among the 13 tree species, and specifically between deciduous and coniferous wood, but unexpectedly no difference was found between sapwood and heartwood. Fungal species richness correlated positively with wood extractives and negatively with fungal biomass. A distinct fungal community secreting lignocellulolytic key enzymes seemed to dominate the decomposition of the logs in this specific phase. In particular, the relative sequence abundance of basidiomycetous species of the Meruliaceae (e.g. Bjerkandera adusta) correlated with ligninolytic manganese peroxidase activity. Moreover, this study reveals abundant white-rot causing Basidiomycota and soft-rot causing Ascomycota during this phase of wood decomposition.
• Castro, A. ; Drag, and L. ; Cizek, L. ; Fernández, J. ; and, : Rosalia alpina adults (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Coleoptera) avoid direct sunlight. In: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation vol. 42, Consorci del Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona (2019), Nr. 1, pp. 59-63
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  @article{Castro_2019, abstract = {Rosalia alpina adults (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Coleoptera) avoid direct sunlight. Adults of the threatened beetle species Rosalia alpina are usually associated with sun–exposed dead wood. In previous fieldwork, however, we frequently found adult beetles on shaded surfaces of trees. We thus studied whether adults preferred different lightning conditions depending on their behavior on 447 beech trees located in four forests in two distant locations in Europe. From a total of 542 individuals, we observed that 54 % of them occurred in shaded conditions, and 35 % in predominantly shaded conditions. This avoidance of direct sunlight could be widespread in the species because it was independent of the location and behavior.}, author = {Castro, A. and and L. Drag and Cizek, L. and Fern{{á}}ndez, J. and and}, journal = {Animal Biodiversity and Conservation}, keywords = {Cerambycidae beechforest behavior longhornbeetle myown}, month = {jan}, number = 1, pages = {59-63}, publisher = {Consorci del Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona}, title = {Rosalia alpina adults (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Coleoptera) avoid direct sunlight}, volume = 42, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Castro_2019 %A Castro, A. %A Drag, and L. %A Cizek, L. %A Fernández, J. %A and, %D 2019 %I Consorci del Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona %J Animal Biodiversity and Conservation %N 1 %P 59-63 %R 10.32800/abc.2019.42.0059 %T Rosalia alpina adults (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Coleoptera) avoid direct sunlight %U https://doi.org/10.32800%2Fabc.2019.42.0059 %V 42 %X Rosalia alpina adults (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Coleoptera) avoid direct sunlight. Adults of the threatened beetle species Rosalia alpina are usually associated with sun–exposed dead wood. In previous fieldwork, however, we frequently found adult beetles on shaded surfaces of trees. We thus studied whether adults preferred different lightning conditions depending on their behavior on 447 beech trees located in four forests in two distant locations in Europe. From a total of 542 individuals, we observed that 54 % of them occurred in shaded conditions, and 35 % in predominantly shaded conditions. This avoidance of direct sunlight could be widespread in the species because it was independent of the location and behavior.
• Chao, Anne ; Chiu, Chun-Huo ; Villéger, Sébastien ; Sun, I-Fang ; Thorn, Simon ; Lin, Yi-Ching ; Chiang, Jyh-Min ; Sherwin, William B.: An attribute-diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures. In: Ecological Monographs vol. 89, Wiley (2019), Nr. 2, p. e01343
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Chao_2019, abstract = {Based on the framework of attribute diversity (a generalization of Hill numbers of order q), we develop a class of functional diversity measures sensitive not only to species abundances but also to trait-based species-pairwise functional distances. The new method refines and improves on the conventional species-equivalent approach in three areas: (i) the conventional method often gives similar values (close to unity) to assemblages with contrasting levels of functional diversity; (ii) when a distance metric is unbounded, the conventional functional diversity depends on the presence/absence of other assemblages in the study; (iii) in partitioning functional gamma diversity into alpha and beta components, the conventional gamma is sometimes less than alpha. To resolve these issues, we add to the attribute-diversity framework a novel concept: τ - the threshold of functional distinctiveness between any two species; here τ can be chosen to be any positive value. Any two species with functional distance ≥ τ are treated as functionally equally-distinct. Our functional diversity quantifies the effective number of functionally equally-distinct species (or “virtual functional groups”) with all pairwise distances at least τ for different-species pairs. We advocate the use of two complementary diversity profiles (τ-profile and q-profile), which depict functional diversity with varying levels of τ and q, respectively. Both the conventional species-equivalent method (i.e., τ = the maximum of species-pairwise distances) and classic taxonomic diversity (i.e., τ = the minimum of non-zero species-pairwise distances) are incorporated into our proposed τ-profile for an assemblage. For any type of species-pairwise distance matrices, our attribute-diversity approach allows proper diversity partitioning, with the desired property gammaalpha and thus avoids all the restrictions that apply to the conventional diversity decomposition. Our functional alpha and gamma are interpreted as the effective numbers - 2 -of functionally equally-distinct species, respectively, in an assemblage and in the pooled assemblage, while beta is the effective number of equally-large assemblages with no shared species and all species in the assemblages being equally-distinct. The resulting beta diversity can be transformed to obtain abundance-sensitive Sørensen- and Jaccard-type functional (dis)similarity profiles. Hypothetical and real examples are used to illustrate the framework. Online software and R codes are available to facilitate computations.}, author = {Chao, Anne and Chiu, Chun-Huo and Vill{{é}}ger, S{{é}}bastien and Sun, I-Fang and Thorn, Simon and Lin, Yi-Ching and Chiang, Jyh-Min and Sherwin, William B.}, journal = {Ecological Monographs}, keywords = {attributediversity diversitydecomposition functionalbetadiversity functionaldissimilarity functionaldiversity hillnumbers myown quadraticentropy speciesdiversity speciestraits traitdiversity}, month = {jan}, number = 2, pages = {e01343}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {An attribute-diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures}, volume = 89, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Chao_2019 %A Chao, Anne %A Chiu, Chun-Huo %A Villéger, Sébastien %A Sun, I-Fang %A Thorn, Simon %A Lin, Yi-Ching %A Chiang, Jyh-Min %A Sherwin, William B. %D 2019 %I Wiley %J Ecological Monographs %N 2 %P e01343 %R 10.1002/ecm.1343 %T An attribute-diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures %U https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fecm.1343 %V 89 %X Based on the framework of attribute diversity (a generalization of Hill numbers of order q), we develop a class of functional diversity measures sensitive not only to species abundances but also to trait-based species-pairwise functional distances. The new method refines and improves on the conventional species-equivalent approach in three areas: (i) the conventional method often gives similar values (close to unity) to assemblages with contrasting levels of functional diversity; (ii) when a distance metric is unbounded, the conventional functional diversity depends on the presence/absence of other assemblages in the study; (iii) in partitioning functional gamma diversity into alpha and beta components, the conventional gamma is sometimes less than alpha. To resolve these issues, we add to the attribute-diversity framework a novel concept: τ - the threshold of functional distinctiveness between any two species; here τ can be chosen to be any positive value. Any two species with functional distance ≥ τ are treated as functionally equally-distinct. Our functional diversity quantifies the effective number of functionally equally-distinct species (or “virtual functional groups”) with all pairwise distances at least τ for different-species pairs. We advocate the use of two complementary diversity profiles (τ-profile and q-profile), which depict functional diversity with varying levels of τ and q, respectively. Both the conventional species-equivalent method (i.e., τ = the maximum of species-pairwise distances) and classic taxonomic diversity (i.e., τ = the minimum of non-zero species-pairwise distances) are incorporated into our proposed τ-profile for an assemblage. For any type of species-pairwise distance matrices, our attribute-diversity approach allows proper diversity partitioning, with the desired property gammaalpha and thus avoids all the restrictions that apply to the conventional diversity decomposition. Our functional alpha and gamma are interpreted as the effective numbers - 2 -of functionally equally-distinct species, respectively, in an assemblage and in the pooled assemblage, while beta is the effective number of equally-large assemblages with no shared species and all species in the assemblages being equally-distinct. The resulting beta diversity can be transformed to obtain abundance-sensitive Sørensen- and Jaccard-type functional (dis)similarity profiles. Hypothetical and real examples are used to illustrate the framework. Online software and R codes are available to facilitate computations.
• Friess, Nicolas ; Müller, Jörg C. ; Aramendi, Pablo ; Bässler, Claus ; Brändle, Martin ; Bouget, Christophe ; Brin, Antoine ; Bussler, Heinz ; Georgiev, Kostadin B. ; et al.: Arthropod communities in fungal fruitbodies are weakly structured by climate and biogeography across European beech forests. In: Traveset, A. (ed.) Diversity and Distributions vol. 25, Wiley (2019), Nr. 5, pp. 783-796
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{friess2019arthropod, abstract = {Aim: The tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius is a pivotal wood decomposer in European beech Fagus sylvatica forests. The fungus, however, has regionally declined due to centuries of logging. To unravel biogeographical drivers of arthropod communities associ‐ ated with this fungus, we investigated how space, climate and habitat amount structure alpha and beta diversity of arthropod communities in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius. Location: Temperate zone of Europe. Taxon: Arthropods. Methods: We reared arthropods from fruitbodies sampled from 61 sites throughout the range of European beech and identified 13 orders taxonomically or by metabarcoding. We estimated the total number of species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius in European beech forests using the Chao2 estimator and determined the relative importance of space, climate and habitat amount by hierarchical partitioning for alpha diversity and generalized dissimilarity models for beta diversity. A subset of fungi samples was sequenced for identification of the fungus’ genetic structure. Results: The total number of arthropod species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius across European beech forests was estimated to be 600. Alpha diversity increased with increasing fruitbody biomass; it decreased with increasing longitude, temperature and latitude. Beta diversity was mainly composed by turnover. Patterns of beta diversity were only weakly linked to space and the overall explanatory power was low. We could distinguish two genotypes of F. fomentarius, which showed no spatial structuring. Main conclusion: Fomes fomentarius hosts a large number of arthropods in European beech forests. The low biogeographical and climatic structure of the communities suggests that fruitbodies represent a habitat that offers similar conditions across large gradients of climate and space, but are characterized by high local variability in community composition and colonized by species with high dispersal ability. For European beech forests, retention of trees with F. fomentarius and promoting its recolonization where it had declined seems a promising conservation strategy.}, author = {Friess, Nicolas and Müller, Jörg C. and Aramendi, Pablo and Bässler, Claus and Brändle, Martin and Bouget, Christophe and Brin, Antoine and Bussler, Heinz and Georgiev, Kostadin B. and Gil, Rados{\l}aw and Gossner, Martin M. and Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob and Isacsson, Gunnar and Kri{\v{s}}t{\'{\i}}n, Anton and Lachat, Thibault and Larrieu, Laurent and Magnanou, Elodie and Maringer, Alexander and Mergner, Ulrich and Mikol{{á}}{\v{s}}, Martin and Opgenoorth, Lars and Schmidl, Jürgen and Svoboda, Miroslav and Thorn, Simon and Vandekerkhove, Kris and Vrezec, Al and Wagner, Thomas and Winter, Maria-Barbara and Zapponi, Livia and Brandl, Roland and Seibold, Sebastian}, editor = {Traveset, Anna}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, keywords = {Fagussylvatica Fomesfomentarius deadwood insects invertebrates myown restoration saproxylic sporocarp}, month = {jan}, number = 5, pages = {783-796}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Arthropod communities in fungal fruitbodies are weakly structured by climate and biogeography across European beech forests}, volume = 25, year = 2019 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 friess2019arthropod %A Friess, Nicolas %A Müller, Jörg C. %A Aramendi, Pablo %A Bässler, Claus %A Brändle, Martin %A Bouget, Christophe %A Brin, Antoine %A Bussler, Heinz %A Georgiev, Kostadin B. %A Gil, Radoslaw %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob %A Isacsson, Gunnar %A Krivst'in, Anton %A Lachat, Thibault %A Larrieu, Laurent %A Magnanou, Elodie %A Maringer, Alexander %A Mergner, Ulrich %A Mikolávs, Martin %A Opgenoorth, Lars %A Schmidl, Jürgen %A Svoboda, Miroslav %A Thorn, Simon %A Vandekerkhove, Kris %A Vrezec, Al %A Wagner, Thomas %A Winter, Maria-Barbara %A Zapponi, Livia %A Brandl, Roland %A Seibold, Sebastian %D 2019 %E Traveset, Anna %I Wiley %J Diversity and Distributions %N 5 %P 783-796 %R 10.1111/ddi.12882 %T Arthropod communities in fungal fruitbodies are weakly structured by climate and biogeography across European beech forests %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fddi.12882 %V 25 %X Aim: The tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius is a pivotal wood decomposer in European beech Fagus sylvatica forests. The fungus, however, has regionally declined due to centuries of logging. To unravel biogeographical drivers of arthropod communities associ‐ ated with this fungus, we investigated how space, climate and habitat amount structure alpha and beta diversity of arthropod communities in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius. Location: Temperate zone of Europe. Taxon: Arthropods. Methods: We reared arthropods from fruitbodies sampled from 61 sites throughout the range of European beech and identified 13 orders taxonomically or by metabarcoding. We estimated the total number of species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius in European beech forests using the Chao2 estimator and determined the relative importance of space, climate and habitat amount by hierarchical partitioning for alpha diversity and generalized dissimilarity models for beta diversity. A subset of fungi samples was sequenced for identification of the fungus’ genetic structure. Results: The total number of arthropod species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius across European beech forests was estimated to be 600. Alpha diversity increased with increasing fruitbody biomass; it decreased with increasing longitude, temperature and latitude. Beta diversity was mainly composed by turnover. Patterns of beta diversity were only weakly linked to space and the overall explanatory power was low. We could distinguish two genotypes of F. fomentarius, which showed no spatial structuring. Main conclusion: Fomes fomentarius hosts a large number of arthropods in European beech forests. The low biogeographical and climatic structure of the communities suggests that fruitbodies represent a habitat that offers similar conditions across large gradients of climate and space, but are characterized by high local variability in community composition and colonized by species with high dispersal ability. For European beech forests, retention of trees with F. fomentarius and promoting its recolonization where it had declined seems a promising conservation strategy.

2018 [ to top ]

• Viljur, Mari-Liis ; Teder, Tiit: Disperse or die: Colonisation of transient open habitats in production forests is only weakly dispersal-limited in butterflies. In: Biological Conservation vol. 218 (2018), pp. 32-40
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{viljur2018disperse, abstract = {Evaluating ecological processes that assemble local animal communities from available species pools has remained a challenging task. At a time of drastic decline of natural and seminatural grasslands, contemporary production forests provide various novel types of open spaces (clear-cuts, power line corridors, etc.) that are potentially suitable habitats for many grassland species, such as butterflies. On the other hand, grassland butterflies are known to perceive forest as a dispersal barrier, potentially limiting the utility of such alternative habitats. We evaluated the role of dispersal limitation in structuring local butterfly assemblages in conventionally managed forest landscapes in which clear-cutting generates varyingly isolated transient open habitats within the forest matrix. We compared butterfly species richness and composition in clear-cuts at opposite ends of a connectivity gradient: sites completely surrounded by forest (isolated clear-cuts) vs. sites connected to the network of other forest clearings by open corridors (non-isolated clear-cuts). We found only a slight difference in the species richness between isolated and non-isolated clear-cuts, both when all open-habitat species and when the subset of grassland species was compared. The frequencies of individual butterfly species in isolated and non-isolated sites were strongly correlated, regardless of their presumed dispersal ability. Our results indicate that, in large areas of production forests in Northern Europe, the formation of local butterfly assemblages is not significantly limited by dispersal. This study contributes to emerging evidence that open spaces in managed forest landscapes can be regarded as alternative habitat for a substantial share of species traditionally considered to be associated with grasslands.}, author = {Viljur, Mari-Liis and Teder, Tiit}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, keywords = {colonisationcredit functionalspeciestraits habitatfiltering metapopulation myown speciespool woodlands}, pages = {32-40}, title = {Disperse or die: Colonisation of transient open habitats in production forests is only weakly dispersal-limited in butterflies}, volume = 218, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 viljur2018disperse %A Viljur, Mari-Liis %A Teder, Tiit %D 2018 %J Biological Conservation %P 32-40 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.006 %T Disperse or die: Colonisation of transient open habitats in production forests is only weakly dispersal-limited in butterflies %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320717310996 %V 218 %X Evaluating ecological processes that assemble local animal communities from available species pools has remained a challenging task. At a time of drastic decline of natural and seminatural grasslands, contemporary production forests provide various novel types of open spaces (clear-cuts, power line corridors, etc.) that are potentially suitable habitats for many grassland species, such as butterflies. On the other hand, grassland butterflies are known to perceive forest as a dispersal barrier, potentially limiting the utility of such alternative habitats. We evaluated the role of dispersal limitation in structuring local butterfly assemblages in conventionally managed forest landscapes in which clear-cutting generates varyingly isolated transient open habitats within the forest matrix. We compared butterfly species richness and composition in clear-cuts at opposite ends of a connectivity gradient: sites completely surrounded by forest (isolated clear-cuts) vs. sites connected to the network of other forest clearings by open corridors (non-isolated clear-cuts). We found only a slight difference in the species richness between isolated and non-isolated clear-cuts, both when all open-habitat species and when the subset of grassland species was compared. The frequencies of individual butterfly species in isolated and non-isolated sites were strongly correlated, regardless of their presumed dispersal ability. Our results indicate that, in large areas of production forests in Northern Europe, the formation of local butterfly assemblages is not significantly limited by dispersal. This study contributes to emerging evidence that open spaces in managed forest landscapes can be regarded as alternative habitat for a substantial share of species traditionally considered to be associated with grasslands.
• Volf, Martin ; Holec, Michal ; Holcová, Diana ; Jarovs, Pavel ; Hejda, Radek ; Drag, Lukávs ; Blízek, Jaroslav ; vSebek, Pavel ; vCívzek, Lukávs: Microhabitat mosaics are key to the survival of an endangered ground beetle (Carabus nitens) in its post-industrial refugia. In: Journal of Insect Conservation vol. 22 (2018), pp. 321-328
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ]
   
  @article{Volf2018MicrohabitatMA, author = {Volf, Martin and Holec, Michal and Holcov{á}, Diana and Jaro{\vs}, Pavel and Hejda, Radek and Drag, Luk{á}{\vs} and Bl{í}zek, Jaroslav and {\vS}ebek, Pavel and {\vC}{í}{\vz}ek, Luk{á}{\vs}}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, keywords = {conservation habitatpreferences heathland insect myown peatbog}, pages = {321-328}, title = {Microhabitat mosaics are key to the survival of an endangered ground beetle (Carabus nitens) in its post-industrial refugia}, volume = 22, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Volf2018MicrohabitatMA %A Volf, Martin %A Holec, Michal %A Holcová, Diana %A Jarovs, Pavel %A Hejda, Radek %A Drag, Lukávs %A Blízek, Jaroslav %A vSebek, Pavel %A vCívzek, Lukávs %D 2018 %J Journal of Insect Conservation %P 321-328 %R 10.1007/s10841-018-0064-x %T Microhabitat mosaics are key to the survival of an endangered ground beetle (Carabus nitens) in its post-industrial refugia %V 22
• Seibold, Sebastian ; Thorn, Simon: The Importance of Dead-Wood Amount for Saproxylic Insects and How It Interacts with Dead-Wood Diversity and Other Habitat Factors. In: Ulyshen, M. D. (ed.): Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology and Conservation. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018 — ISBN 978-3-319-75937-1, p. 607--637
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @inbook{Seibold2018, abstract = {Natural amounts of dead wood in a forest vary considerably, depending on living tree biomass, decomposition rates, and rates of dead-wood development. In natural forests, dead wood is created by the senescence of trees and natural disturbances. However, dead-wood amounts in many forest ecosystems worldwide nowadays are largely influenced by human activities, such as timber and fuel wood production and post-disturbance salvage logging. The biodiversity of saproxylic insects is usually positively correlated with the amount of dead wood, and dead-wood amount affects species composition and functional characteristics of saproxylic assemblages. Dead-wood amount is in turn correlated with dead-wood diversity, and several studies highlight the importance of dead-wood diversity for saproxylic biodiversity, which suggests that habitat heterogeneity is a major driver behind the positive relationship between dead-wood amount and biodiversity. The strength of this relationship is mediated by temperature. Effects of both temporal forest continuity and spatial connectivity are often linked to differences in dead-wood amount. Frequent interactions and correlations between dead-wood amount and other habitat factors indicate that future studies should aim more precisely at unraveling the importance of individual factors for saproxylic biodiversity, which will help to improve conservation strategies to counteract negative effects of anthropogenically altered dead-wood amount and diversity. Such conservation strategies, particularly in Europe and North America, include passive and active measures to retain dead wood in managed forests and to restore amounts and diversity of dead wood similar to levels in natural forests. More research is needed in the subtropics and tropics where conservation strategies rarely consider dead wood, although the few existing studies suggest that dead wood is an important factor for biodiversity in these regions.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Seibold, Sebastian and Thorn, Simon}, booktitle = {Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology and Conservation}, chapter = 18, editor = {Ulyshen, Michael D.}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {607&ndash;637}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {The Importance of Dead-Wood Amount for Saproxylic Insects and How It Interacts with Dead-Wood Diversity and Other Habitat Factors}, year = 2018 }
  %0 Book Section %1 Seibold2018 %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Thorn, Simon %B Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology and Conservation %C Cham %D 2018 %E Ulyshen, Michael D. %I Springer International Publishing %P 607--637 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_18 %T The Importance of Dead-Wood Amount for Saproxylic Insects and How It Interacts with Dead-Wood Diversity and Other Habitat Factors %U https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_18 %X Natural amounts of dead wood in a forest vary considerably, depending on living tree biomass, decomposition rates, and rates of dead-wood development. In natural forests, dead wood is created by the senescence of trees and natural disturbances. However, dead-wood amounts in many forest ecosystems worldwide nowadays are largely influenced by human activities, such as timber and fuel wood production and post-disturbance salvage logging. The biodiversity of saproxylic insects is usually positively correlated with the amount of dead wood, and dead-wood amount affects species composition and functional characteristics of saproxylic assemblages. Dead-wood amount is in turn correlated with dead-wood diversity, and several studies highlight the importance of dead-wood diversity for saproxylic biodiversity, which suggests that habitat heterogeneity is a major driver behind the positive relationship between dead-wood amount and biodiversity. The strength of this relationship is mediated by temperature. Effects of both temporal forest continuity and spatial connectivity are often linked to differences in dead-wood amount. Frequent interactions and correlations between dead-wood amount and other habitat factors indicate that future studies should aim more precisely at unraveling the importance of individual factors for saproxylic biodiversity, which will help to improve conservation strategies to counteract negative effects of anthropogenically altered dead-wood amount and diversity. Such conservation strategies, particularly in Europe and North America, include passive and active measures to retain dead wood in managed forests and to restore amounts and diversity of dead wood similar to levels in natural forests. More research is needed in the subtropics and tropics where conservation strategies rarely consider dead wood, although the few existing studies suggest that dead wood is an important factor for biodiversity in these regions. %& 18 %@ 978-3-319-75937-1
• Milotić, Tanja ; Baltzinger, Christophe ; Eichberg, Carsten ; Eycott, Amy E. ; Heurich, Marco ; Müller, Jörg ; Noriega, Jorge A. ; Menendez, Rosa ; Stadler, Jutta ; et al.: Dung beetle assemblages, dung removal and secondary seed dispersal: data from a large-scale, multi-site experiment in the Western Palaearctic. In: Frontiers of Biogeography vol. 10 (2018), Nr. 1-2
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{milotic2018beetle, abstract = {By manipulating faeces during feeding and breeding, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fulfil important ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world. In a pan-European multi‐site experiment (MSE), we estimated the ecosystem functions of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by differing combinations of dung beetle functional groups. Therefore, we classified dung beetles into five functional groups according to their body size and dung manipulation method: dwellers, large and small tunnelers, and large and small rollers. Furthermore, we set up a dung beetle sampling database containing all sampled dung beetles during the project. By identifying dung beetle specimens to the species level, we obtained a detailed insight into the dung beetle communities at each study location. By establishing experimental plots allowing and inhibiting specific combinations of functional groups in the local dung beetle assemblage from removing dung and seeds, we estimated the role of each group in dung removal and secondary seed dispersal during a 4-week period. We performed all experiments in grazed (semi-)natural grasslands, and used different dung types (cattle, horse, sheep, goat or red deer) to match the herbivore species grazing in close vicinity of each of the study areas. Simultaneously, we sampled dung beetle assemblages by using pitfalls baited with the same dung types as used in the experiments. This data paper documents two datasets collected in the framework of this MSE project. All the experiments took place between 2013 and 2016 at 17 study sites in 10 countries and 11 biogeographic zones. The entire dung beetle sampling dataset was published as a sampling event dataset at GBIF. The dataset includes the sampling results of all 17 study sites, which contain 1,050 sampling events and 4,362 occurrence records of 94 species. The second dataset contains the results of the dung removal and secondary seed dispersal experiments in which we used 11 experimental treatments and the five dung types mentioned above. This experimental results dataset holds all experimental results of the MSE project (11,537 records), and was published in the online data repository Zenodo.}, author = {Milotić, Tanja and Baltzinger, Christophe and Eichberg, Carsten and Eycott, Amy E. and Heurich, Marco and Müller, Jörg and Noriega, Jorge A. and Menendez, Rosa and Stadler, Jutta and Ádám, Réka and Bargmann, Tessa and Bilger, Isabelle and Buse, Jörn and Calatayud, Joaquin and Ciubuc, Constantin and Boros, Gergely and Hauso, M and Jay-Robert, Pierre and Kruus, Märt and Merivee, Enno and Miessen, Geoffrey and Must, Anne and Ardali, Elham and Preda, Elena and Rahimi, Iraj and Rohwedder, Dirk and Rose, Rob and Slade, Eleanor M. and Somay, László and Tahmasebi, Pejman and Ziani, Stefano and Hoffmann, Maurice}, journal = {Frontiers of Biogeography}, keywords = {dungbeetles ecosystemfunctioning functionaldiversity multisiteexperiments myown}, number = {1-2}, title = {Dung beetle assemblages, dung removal and secondary seed dispersal: data from a large-scale, multi-site experiment in the Western Palaearctic}, volume = 10, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 milotic2018beetle %A Milotić, Tanja %A Baltzinger, Christophe %A Eichberg, Carsten %A Eycott, Amy E. %A Heurich, Marco %A Müller, Jörg %A Noriega, Jorge A. %A Menendez, Rosa %A Stadler, Jutta %A Ádám, Réka %A Bargmann, Tessa %A Bilger, Isabelle %A Buse, Jörn %A Calatayud, Joaquin %A Ciubuc, Constantin %A Boros, Gergely %A Hauso, M %A Jay-Robert, Pierre %A Kruus, Märt %A Merivee, Enno %A Miessen, Geoffrey %A Must, Anne %A Ardali, Elham %A Preda, Elena %A Rahimi, Iraj %A Rohwedder, Dirk %A Rose, Rob %A Slade, Eleanor M. %A Somay, László %A Tahmasebi, Pejman %A Ziani, Stefano %A Hoffmann, Maurice %D 2018 %J Frontiers of Biogeography %N 1-2 %R 10.21425/F5FBG37289 %T Dung beetle assemblages, dung removal and secondary seed dispersal: data from a large-scale, multi-site experiment in the Western Palaearctic %U https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bw905b1 %V 10 %X By manipulating faeces during feeding and breeding, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fulfil important ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world. In a pan-European multi‐site experiment (MSE), we estimated the ecosystem functions of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by differing combinations of dung beetle functional groups. Therefore, we classified dung beetles into five functional groups according to their body size and dung manipulation method: dwellers, large and small tunnelers, and large and small rollers. Furthermore, we set up a dung beetle sampling database containing all sampled dung beetles during the project. By identifying dung beetle specimens to the species level, we obtained a detailed insight into the dung beetle communities at each study location. By establishing experimental plots allowing and inhibiting specific combinations of functional groups in the local dung beetle assemblage from removing dung and seeds, we estimated the role of each group in dung removal and secondary seed dispersal during a 4-week period. We performed all experiments in grazed (semi-)natural grasslands, and used different dung types (cattle, horse, sheep, goat or red deer) to match the herbivore species grazing in close vicinity of each of the study areas. Simultaneously, we sampled dung beetle assemblages by using pitfalls baited with the same dung types as used in the experiments. This data paper documents two datasets collected in the framework of this MSE project. All the experiments took place between 2013 and 2016 at 17 study sites in 10 countries and 11 biogeographic zones. The entire dung beetle sampling dataset was published as a sampling event dataset at GBIF. The dataset includes the sampling results of all 17 study sites, which contain 1,050 sampling events and 4,362 occurrence records of 94 species. The second dataset contains the results of the dung removal and secondary seed dispersal experiments in which we used 11 experimental treatments and the five dung types mentioned above. This experimental results dataset holds all experimental results of the MSE project (11,537 records), and was published in the online data repository Zenodo.
• Lachat, Thibault ; Müller, Jörg: Importance of Primary Forests for the Conservation of Saproxylic Insects. In: Ulyshen, M. D. (ed.): Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology and Conservation. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018 — ISBN 978-3-319-75937-1, pp. 581-605
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @inbook{Lachat2018, abstract = {Primary forestsprimary forests represent the ultimate intact habitat for saproxylic insects. However, their extent has been considerably reduced over the past centuries, and those remaining are very heterogeneously distributed. Primary forestsprimary forests are still locally abundant in tropical and boreal zones but are rare in temperate zones. Consequently, many saproxylic insects that were adapted to typical characteristics of primary forests, such as large amounts of dead wood or overmature and senescent trees, might have become extinct regionally due to habitat loss. The remaining primary forests therefore function as refuges for those saproxylic species that cannot survive in managed forests because of their high ecological requirements. Here we identify six characteristics of primary forests important for saproxylic insects that differentiate these forests greatly from managed forests, namely, absence of habitat fragmentation, continuity, natural disturbance regimes, dead-wood amount and quality, tree species composition and habitat trees. These six characteristics highlight the importance of primary forests for the conservation of saproxylic insects in all three main climatic domains (tropical, boreal and temperate). As primary forests are rare in northern temperate zones and are being dramatically lost in boreal and tropical zones, we propose that they should be strictly conserved independently of their climatic zone. Furthermore, we recommend that studies in primary forests intensify to provide reference data for integrating primary forest characteristics into managed forests to improve the conservation of saproxylic species.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Lachat, Thibault and Müller, Jörg}, booktitle = {Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology and Conservation}, chapter = 17, editor = {Ulyshen, Michael D.}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {581-605}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Importance of Primary Forests for the Conservation of Saproxylic Insects}, year = 2018 }
  %0 Book Section %1 Lachat2018 %A Lachat, Thibault %A Müller, Jörg %B Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology and Conservation %C Cham %D 2018 %E Ulyshen, Michael D. %I Springer International Publishing %P 581-605 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_17 %T Importance of Primary Forests for the Conservation of Saproxylic Insects %U https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_17 %X Primary forestsprimary forests represent the ultimate intact habitat for saproxylic insects. However, their extent has been considerably reduced over the past centuries, and those remaining are very heterogeneously distributed. Primary forestsprimary forests are still locally abundant in tropical and boreal zones but are rare in temperate zones. Consequently, many saproxylic insects that were adapted to typical characteristics of primary forests, such as large amounts of dead wood or overmature and senescent trees, might have become extinct regionally due to habitat loss. The remaining primary forests therefore function as refuges for those saproxylic species that cannot survive in managed forests because of their high ecological requirements. Here we identify six characteristics of primary forests important for saproxylic insects that differentiate these forests greatly from managed forests, namely, absence of habitat fragmentation, continuity, natural disturbance regimes, dead-wood amount and quality, tree species composition and habitat trees. These six characteristics highlight the importance of primary forests for the conservation of saproxylic insects in all three main climatic domains (tropical, boreal and temperate). As primary forests are rare in northern temperate zones and are being dramatically lost in boreal and tropical zones, we propose that they should be strictly conserved independently of their climatic zone. Furthermore, we recommend that studies in primary forests intensify to provide reference data for integrating primary forest characteristics into managed forests to improve the conservation of saproxylic species. %& 17 %@ 978-3-319-75937-1
• Doerfler, Inken ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Müller, Jörg ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Weisser, Wolfgang W.: Deadwood enrichment combining integrative and segregative conservation elements enhances biodiversity of multiple taxa in managed forests. In: Biological Conservation vol. 228, Elsevier BV (2018), pp. 70-78
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{doerfler2018deadwood, abstract = {Integrative management strategies that simultaneously aim for wood production and biodiversity conservation are considered crucial to protect biodiversity of forest species outside protected areas. In this study, we evaluated whether deadwood enrichment as an integrative strategy at a scale of 17,000 ha resulted in enhanced biodiversity of saproxylic and non-saproxylic taxa eight years after the implementation of the strategy. The strategy included active deadwood enrichment with harvest remnants, retention of deadwood, and nature forest reserves areas. The analysis was based on data on the occurrence of plants, fungi, beetles, true bugs and birds from directly before and after the implementation of the strategy. The implementation of the strategy resulted in an increase in the deadwood amount by an average of 90 ± 40 m3 ha−1 (mean ± SE) over this period. While deadwood amounts doubled in production forests (+90%), they increased even more in nature forest reserves (+160%). Multidiversity (species density of all taxa) increased with an increase in deadwood amount; this was a result of an increase in the multidiversity of saproxylic species as the non-saproxylic multidiversity did not respond. Among single taxon groups, fungal and beetle species density responded positively to the increase in deadwood amount, especially when only saproxylic species were analysed. Importantly, this effect was not only found in the nature forest reserves, but also in the production forests. We thus conclude that active deadwood enrichment in production forests and nature forest reserves is a promising tool to rapidly promote the protection of forest biodiversity.}, author = {Doerfler, Inken and Gossner, Martin M. and Müller, Jörg and Seibold, Sebastian and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, keywords = {beechforest canopycover deadwood integrativeconservation multidiversity myown saproxylic}, month = {dec}, pages = {70-78}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Deadwood enrichment combining integrative and segregative conservation elements enhances biodiversity of multiple taxa in managed forests}, volume = 228, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 doerfler2018deadwood %A Doerfler, Inken %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Müller, Jörg %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Biological Conservation %P 70-78 %R 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.10.013 %T Deadwood enrichment combining integrative and segregative conservation elements enhances biodiversity of multiple taxa in managed forests %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2018.10.013 %V 228 %X Integrative management strategies that simultaneously aim for wood production and biodiversity conservation are considered crucial to protect biodiversity of forest species outside protected areas. In this study, we evaluated whether deadwood enrichment as an integrative strategy at a scale of 17,000 ha resulted in enhanced biodiversity of saproxylic and non-saproxylic taxa eight years after the implementation of the strategy. The strategy included active deadwood enrichment with harvest remnants, retention of deadwood, and nature forest reserves areas. The analysis was based on data on the occurrence of plants, fungi, beetles, true bugs and birds from directly before and after the implementation of the strategy. The implementation of the strategy resulted in an increase in the deadwood amount by an average of 90 ± 40 m3 ha−1 (mean ± SE) over this period. While deadwood amounts doubled in production forests (+90%), they increased even more in nature forest reserves (+160%). Multidiversity (species density of all taxa) increased with an increase in deadwood amount; this was a result of an increase in the multidiversity of saproxylic species as the non-saproxylic multidiversity did not respond. Among single taxon groups, fungal and beetle species density responded positively to the increase in deadwood amount, especially when only saproxylic species were analysed. Importantly, this effect was not only found in the nature forest reserves, but also in the production forests. We thus conclude that active deadwood enrichment in production forests and nature forest reserves is a promising tool to rapidly promote the protection of forest biodiversity.
• Roth, Nicolas ; Doerfler, Inken ; Bässler, Claus ; Blaschke, Markus ; Bussler, Heinz ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Heideroth, Antje ; Thorn, Simon ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; et al.: Decadal effects of landscape‐wide enrichment of dead wood on saproxylic organisms in beech forests of different historic management intensity. In: Diversity and Distributions vol. 25 (2018), Nr. 3
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{roth2018decadal, abstract = {Aim: European temperate forests have lost dead wood and the associated biodiversity owing to intensive management over centuries. Nowadays, some of these forests are being restored by enrichment with dead wood, but mostly only at stand scales. Here, we investigated effects of a seminal dead‐wood enrichment strategy on saproxylic organisms at the landscape scale. Location: Temperate European beech forest in southern Germany. Methods: In a before–after control–impact design, we compared assemblages and gamma diversities of saproxylic organisms in strictly protected old‐growth forest areas (reserves) and historically moderately and intensively managed forest areas before and a decade after starting a landscape‐wide strategy of dead‐wood enrichment. Results: Before enrichment with dead wood, the gamma diversity of saproxylic organisms in historically intensively managed forest stands was significantly lower than in reserves and historically moderately managed forest stands; this difference disappeared after 10 years of dead‐wood enrichment. The species composition of beetles in forest stands of the three historical management intensities differed before the enrichment strategy, but a decade thereafter, the species compositions of previously intensively logged and forest reserve plots were similar. However, the differences in fungal species composition between historical management categories before and after 10 years of enrichment persisted. Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate that intentional enrichment of dead wood at the landscape scale is a powerful tool for rapidly restoring saproxylic beetle communities and for restoring wood‐inhabiting fungal communities, which need longer than a decade for complete restoration. We propose that a strategy of area‐ wide active restoration combined with some permanent strict refuges is a promising means of promoting the biodiversity of age‐long intensively managed Central European beech forests.}, author = {Roth, Nicolas and Doerfler, Inken and Bässler, Claus and Blaschke, Markus and Bussler, Heinz and Gossner, Martin M. and Heideroth, Antje and Thorn, Simon and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, keywords = {beechforest deadwood deadwoodenrichment integrativemanagemnetstrategy landsharing lowland myown saproxylic}, month = {dec}, number = 3, title = {Decadal effects of landscape‐wide enrichment of dead wood on saproxylic organisms in beech forests of different historic management intensity}, volume = 25, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 roth2018decadal %A Roth, Nicolas %A Doerfler, Inken %A Bässler, Claus %A Blaschke, Markus %A Bussler, Heinz %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Heideroth, Antje %A Thorn, Simon %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Müller, Jörg %D 2018 %J Diversity and Distributions %N 3 %R 10.1111/ddi.12870 %T Decadal effects of landscape‐wide enrichment of dead wood on saproxylic organisms in beech forests of different historic management intensity %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.12870 %V 25 %X Aim: European temperate forests have lost dead wood and the associated biodiversity owing to intensive management over centuries. Nowadays, some of these forests are being restored by enrichment with dead wood, but mostly only at stand scales. Here, we investigated effects of a seminal dead‐wood enrichment strategy on saproxylic organisms at the landscape scale. Location: Temperate European beech forest in southern Germany. Methods: In a before–after control–impact design, we compared assemblages and gamma diversities of saproxylic organisms in strictly protected old‐growth forest areas (reserves) and historically moderately and intensively managed forest areas before and a decade after starting a landscape‐wide strategy of dead‐wood enrichment. Results: Before enrichment with dead wood, the gamma diversity of saproxylic organisms in historically intensively managed forest stands was significantly lower than in reserves and historically moderately managed forest stands; this difference disappeared after 10 years of dead‐wood enrichment. The species composition of beetles in forest stands of the three historical management intensities differed before the enrichment strategy, but a decade thereafter, the species compositions of previously intensively logged and forest reserve plots were similar. However, the differences in fungal species composition between historical management categories before and after 10 years of enrichment persisted. Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate that intentional enrichment of dead wood at the landscape scale is a powerful tool for rapidly restoring saproxylic beetle communities and for restoring wood‐inhabiting fungal communities, which need longer than a decade for complete restoration. We propose that a strategy of area‐ wide active restoration combined with some permanent strict refuges is a promising means of promoting the biodiversity of age‐long intensively managed Central European beech forests.
• Gerdzhikov, Georgi P. ; Georgiev, Kostadin B. ; Plachiyski, Dimitar G. ; Zlatanov, Tzvetan ; Shurulinkov, Peter S.: Habitat Requirements of the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria. In: Acta Zoologica Bulgarica vol. 70 (2018), Nr. 4, pp. 527-534
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{gerdzhikov2018habitat, abstract = {White-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos) is an old-growth forest specialist and one of the rarest woodpeckers in Europe. The southern subspecies of the white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi) is among the least studied. We assessed which environmental variables influence the landscape distribution of the southern white-backed woodpecker applying recursive partitioning. We carried out the study in Strandzha Mts., Bulgaria, holding one of the largest subpopulations of this subspecies in south-eastern Europe. The results indicate that the highest occurrence probability is in Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis) natural stands of seed origin with average age over 140 years. There is relatively high occurrence also in the natural stands of seed origin, dominated by Oak (Quercus spp.) and Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.) and generally with high percent cover of deciduous forests. The species is rarely found in coppice stands and forest plantations. Based on the results we conclude that the white-backed woodpecker habitat requirements include extensive coverage of deciduous, high-stemmed forest stands that have reached an age that facilitates deadwood formation. We suggest that silvicultural systems such as group selection or irregular shelterwood are implemented to assure continuous forest cover with presence of older patches. We also recommend protection of patches of old-growth, at least 40–50 ha in area, covering not less than 10% of the total area of Strandzha.}, author = {Gerdzhikov, Georgi P. and Georgiev, Kostadin B. and Plachiyski, Dimitar G. and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Shurulinkov, Peter S.}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Bulgarica}, keywords = {foreststructuralparameters habitatmodel myown ordgrowthforest orientalbeech recursivepartitioning woodpecker}, month = {dec}, number = 4, pages = {527-534}, title = {Habitat Requirements of the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria}, volume = 70, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 gerdzhikov2018habitat %A Gerdzhikov, Georgi P. %A Georgiev, Kostadin B. %A Plachiyski, Dimitar G. %A Zlatanov, Tzvetan %A Shurulinkov, Peter S. %D 2018 %J Acta Zoologica Bulgarica %N 4 %P 527-534 %T Habitat Requirements of the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria %U http://www.acta-zoologica-bulgarica.eu/downloads/acta-zoologica-bulgarica/2018/70-4-527-534.pdf %V 70 %X White-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos) is an old-growth forest specialist and one of the rarest woodpeckers in Europe. The southern subspecies of the white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi) is among the least studied. We assessed which environmental variables influence the landscape distribution of the southern white-backed woodpecker applying recursive partitioning. We carried out the study in Strandzha Mts., Bulgaria, holding one of the largest subpopulations of this subspecies in south-eastern Europe. The results indicate that the highest occurrence probability is in Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis) natural stands of seed origin with average age over 140 years. There is relatively high occurrence also in the natural stands of seed origin, dominated by Oak (Quercus spp.) and Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.) and generally with high percent cover of deciduous forests. The species is rarely found in coppice stands and forest plantations. Based on the results we conclude that the white-backed woodpecker habitat requirements include extensive coverage of deciduous, high-stemmed forest stands that have reached an age that facilitates deadwood formation. We suggest that silvicultural systems such as group selection or irregular shelterwood are implemented to assure continuous forest cover with presence of older patches. We also recommend protection of patches of old-growth, at least 40–50 ha in area, covering not less than 10% of the total area of Strandzha.
• Zielewska-Büttner, Katarzyna ; Heurich, Marco ; Müller, Jörg ; Braunisch, Veronika: Remotely Sensed Single Tree Data Enable the Determination of Habitat Thresholds for the Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus). In: Remote Sensing vol. 10, MDPI AG (2018), Nr. 12
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{zielewskabüttner2018remotely, abstract = {Forest biodiversity conservation requires precise, area-wide information on the abundance and distribution of key habitat structures at multiple spatial scales. We combined airborne laser scanning (ALS) data with color-infrared (CIR) aerial imagery for identifying individual tree characteristics and quantifying multi-scale habitat requirements using the example of the three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (TTW) in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany). This bird, a keystone species of boreal and mountainous forests, is highly reliant on bark beetles dwelling in dead or dying trees. While previous studies showed a positive relationship between the TTW presence and the amount of deadwood as a limiting resource, we hypothesized a unimodal response with a negative effect of very high deadwood amounts and tested for effects of substrate quality. Based on 104 woodpecker presence or absence locations, habitat selection was modelled at four spatial scales reflecting different woodpecker home range sizes. The abundance of standing dead trees was the most important predictor, with an increase in the probability of TTW occurrence up to a threshold of 44–50 dead trees per hectare, followed by a decrease in the probability of occurrence. A positive relationship with the deadwood crown size indicated the importance of fresh deadwood. Remote sensing data allowed both an area-wide prediction of species occurrence and the derivation of ecological threshold values for deadwood quality and quantity for more informed conservation management.}, author = {Zielewska-Büttner, Katarzyna and Heurich, Marco and Müller, Jörg and Braunisch, Veronika}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, keywords = {ALS CIRaerialimagery HSM Picoidestridactylus airbornelaserscanning deadtree deadwood habitatrequirements habitatsuitabilitymodel myown snags standingdeadwood threetoedwoodpecker}, month = {dec}, number = 12, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, title = {Remotely Sensed Single Tree Data Enable the Determination of Habitat Thresholds for the Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus)}, volume = 10, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 zielewskabüttner2018remotely %A Zielewska-Büttner, Katarzyna %A Heurich, Marco %A Müller, Jörg %A Braunisch, Veronika %D 2018 %I MDPI AG %J Remote Sensing %N 12 %R 10.3390/rs10121972 %T Remotely Sensed Single Tree Data Enable the Determination of Habitat Thresholds for the Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) %U https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frs10121972 %V 10 %X Forest biodiversity conservation requires precise, area-wide information on the abundance and distribution of key habitat structures at multiple spatial scales. We combined airborne laser scanning (ALS) data with color-infrared (CIR) aerial imagery for identifying individual tree characteristics and quantifying multi-scale habitat requirements using the example of the three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (TTW) in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany). This bird, a keystone species of boreal and mountainous forests, is highly reliant on bark beetles dwelling in dead or dying trees. While previous studies showed a positive relationship between the TTW presence and the amount of deadwood as a limiting resource, we hypothesized a unimodal response with a negative effect of very high deadwood amounts and tested for effects of substrate quality. Based on 104 woodpecker presence or absence locations, habitat selection was modelled at four spatial scales reflecting different woodpecker home range sizes. The abundance of standing dead trees was the most important predictor, with an increase in the probability of TTW occurrence up to a threshold of 44–50 dead trees per hectare, followed by a decrease in the probability of occurrence. A positive relationship with the deadwood crown size indicated the importance of fresh deadwood. Remote sensing data allowed both an area-wide prediction of species occurrence and the derivation of ecological threshold values for deadwood quality and quantity for more informed conservation management.
• Hagge, Jonas ; Leibl, Franz ; Müller, Jörg ; Plechinger, Martin ; Soutinho, Jo~ao Gonccalo ; Thorn, Simon: Reconciling pest control, nature conservation, and recreation in coniferous forests. In: Conservation Letters vol. 12, Wiley (2018), Nr. 2, p. e12615
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  @article{hagge2018reconciling, abstract = {Protected areas are not only crucial for biodiversity and natural processes but also for recreation. Although a benign neglect strategy of dealing with natural disturbances in protected areas is beneficial for nature, public debate on avoiding increased pest population growth has intensified. We evaluated the effect of mechanical pest control measures in decreasing populations of insect pests, maintaining nontarget biodiversity, retaining high recreational value, and keeping economic costs low. Debarking and bark scratching or gouging effectively prevented infestation of felled trees by European spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) and controlled the beetles in recently infested trees. Bark scratching or gouging retained biodiversity at natural levels, whereas debarking decreased biodiversity by 54% with higher economic costs. The public rated bark-gouged trees more positively than debarked trees. We thus urge authorities to promote bark scratching or gouging in the control of bark beetles in protected areas instead of salvage logging and debarking.}, author = {Hagge, Jonas and Leibl, Franz and Müller, Jörg and Plechinger, Martin and Soutinho, Jo{\&nbsp;{a}}o Gon{\c{c}}alo and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Conservation Letters}, keywords = {Ipstypographus biodiversity boreal climatechange forest forestmanagement myown pestcontrol salvagelogging saproxylic windstorm}, month = {nov}, number = 2, pages = {e12615}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Reconciling pest control, nature conservation, and recreation in coniferous forests}, volume = 12, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 hagge2018reconciling %A Hagge, Jonas %A Leibl, Franz %A Müller, Jörg %A Plechinger, Martin %A Soutinho, Jo~ao Gonccalo %A Thorn, Simon %D 2018 %I Wiley %J Conservation Letters %N 2 %P e12615 %R 10.1111/conl.12615 %T Reconciling pest control, nature conservation, and recreation in coniferous forests %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fconl.12615 %V 12 %X Protected areas are not only crucial for biodiversity and natural processes but also for recreation. Although a benign neglect strategy of dealing with natural disturbances in protected areas is beneficial for nature, public debate on avoiding increased pest population growth has intensified. We evaluated the effect of mechanical pest control measures in decreasing populations of insect pests, maintaining nontarget biodiversity, retaining high recreational value, and keeping economic costs low. Debarking and bark scratching or gouging effectively prevented infestation of felled trees by European spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) and controlled the beetles in recently infested trees. Bark scratching or gouging retained biodiversity at natural levels, whereas debarking decreased biodiversity by 54% with higher economic costs. The public rated bark-gouged trees more positively than debarked trees. We thus urge authorities to promote bark scratching or gouging in the control of bark beetles in protected areas instead of salvage logging and debarking.
• Milotić, Tanja ; Baltzinger, Christophe ; Eichberg, Carsten ; Eycott, Amy E. ; Heurich, Marco ; Müller, Jörg ; Noriega, Jorge A. ; Menendez, Rosa ; Stadler, Jutta ; et al.: Functionally richer communities improve ecosystem functioning: Dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles in the Western Palaearctic. In: Journal of Biogeography vol. 46 (2018), Nr. 1
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{milotic2018functionally, abstract = {Aim: In several ecosystems, the diversity of functional species traits has been shown to have a stronger effect on ecosystem functioning than taxonomic diversity alone. However, few studies have explored this idea at a large geographical scale. In a multisite experiment, we unravelled the relationship between ecosystem function and functional completeness of species assemblages using dung beetles as a model group, focusing on dung removal and secondary seed dispersal. Location: Seventeen grassland locations across the Western Palaearctic. Methods: We used a randomized block design with different exclosure types to control the dung and seed removing activities of individual functional groups of the local dung beetle assemblage. We classified dung beetle species according to resource specialization and into functional groups based on dung processing behaviour (dwellers, tunnellers, rollers) and body size (small, large). Additionally, we assessed the role of other soil macro‐invertebrates. By sampling the dung beetle community and measuring the remaining dung and seeds after the experiment, the impact of each functional group was estimated. Results: Dung beetle assemblages differed along a north–south and east–west gradient. Dwellers dominated northernmost sites, whereas at lower latitudes we observed more tunnellers and rollers indicating a functional shift. Resource specialists were more abundant in southern and eastern areas. Overall, functional group diversity enhanced dung removal. More dung (+46.9%) and seeds (+32.1%) were removed in the southern sites and tunnellers and rollers were more effective. At the northernmost sites, where tunnellers were scarce or absent, other soil macro‐invertebrates removed the majority of dung. Main conclusions: The conservation of functionally complete dung beetle assemblages is crucial to maintain the ecosystem functions provided by dung beetles. Given the latitudinal variation in functional group diversity, it is reasonable to expect compositional changes due to climate change. These changes could lead to increased dung removal and a higher secondary seed dispersal rate in northern regions.}, author = {Milotić, Tanja and Baltzinger, Christophe and Eichberg, Carsten and Eycott, Amy E. and Heurich, Marco and Müller, Jörg and Noriega, Jorge A. and Menendez, Rosa and Stadler, Jutta and Ádám, Réka and Bargmann, Tessa and Bilger, Isabelle and Buse, Jörn and Calatayud, Joaquin and Ciubuc, Constantin and Boros, Gergely and Jay-Robert, Pierre and Kruus, Märt and Merivee, Enno and Miessen, Geoffrey and Must, Anne and Ardali, Elham and Preda, Elena and Rahimi, Iraj and Rohwedder, Dirk and Rose, Rob and Slade, Eleanor M. and Somay, László and Tahmasebi, Pejman and Ziani, Stefano and Hoffmann, Maurice}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {Scarabaeidae ecosystemfunction ecosystemservice latitudinalgradient longitudinalgradient multisiteexperiments myown}, month = {nov}, number = 1, title = {Functionally richer communities improve ecosystem functioning: Dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles in the Western Palaearctic}, volume = 46, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 milotic2018functionally %A Milotić, Tanja %A Baltzinger, Christophe %A Eichberg, Carsten %A Eycott, Amy E. %A Heurich, Marco %A Müller, Jörg %A Noriega, Jorge A. %A Menendez, Rosa %A Stadler, Jutta %A Ádám, Réka %A Bargmann, Tessa %A Bilger, Isabelle %A Buse, Jörn %A Calatayud, Joaquin %A Ciubuc, Constantin %A Boros, Gergely %A Jay-Robert, Pierre %A Kruus, Märt %A Merivee, Enno %A Miessen, Geoffrey %A Must, Anne %A Ardali, Elham %A Preda, Elena %A Rahimi, Iraj %A Rohwedder, Dirk %A Rose, Rob %A Slade, Eleanor M. %A Somay, László %A Tahmasebi, Pejman %A Ziani, Stefano %A Hoffmann, Maurice %D 2018 %J Journal of Biogeography %N 1 %R 10.1111/jbi.13452 %T Functionally richer communities improve ecosystem functioning: Dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles in the Western Palaearctic %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jbi.13452 %V 46 %X Aim: In several ecosystems, the diversity of functional species traits has been shown to have a stronger effect on ecosystem functioning than taxonomic diversity alone. However, few studies have explored this idea at a large geographical scale. In a multisite experiment, we unravelled the relationship between ecosystem function and functional completeness of species assemblages using dung beetles as a model group, focusing on dung removal and secondary seed dispersal. Location: Seventeen grassland locations across the Western Palaearctic. Methods: We used a randomized block design with different exclosure types to control the dung and seed removing activities of individual functional groups of the local dung beetle assemblage. We classified dung beetle species according to resource specialization and into functional groups based on dung processing behaviour (dwellers, tunnellers, rollers) and body size (small, large). Additionally, we assessed the role of other soil macro‐invertebrates. By sampling the dung beetle community and measuring the remaining dung and seeds after the experiment, the impact of each functional group was estimated. Results: Dung beetle assemblages differed along a north–south and east–west gradient. Dwellers dominated northernmost sites, whereas at lower latitudes we observed more tunnellers and rollers indicating a functional shift. Resource specialists were more abundant in southern and eastern areas. Overall, functional group diversity enhanced dung removal. More dung (+46.9%) and seeds (+32.1%) were removed in the southern sites and tunnellers and rollers were more effective. At the northernmost sites, where tunnellers were scarce or absent, other soil macro‐invertebrates removed the majority of dung. Main conclusions: The conservation of functionally complete dung beetle assemblages is crucial to maintain the ecosystem functions provided by dung beetles. Given the latitudinal variation in functional group diversity, it is reasonable to expect compositional changes due to climate change. These changes could lead to increased dung removal and a higher secondary seed dispersal rate in northern regions.
• Ammer, Christian ; Fichtner, Andreas ; Fischer, Anton ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Meyer, Peter ; Seidl, Rupert ; Thomas, Frank M. ; Annighöfer, Peter ; Kreyling, Jürgen ; et al.: Key ecological research questions for Central European forests. In: Basic and Applied Ecology vol. 32, Elsevier BV (2018), pp. 3-25
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  @article{ammer2018ecological, abstract = {Forests are under pressure from accelerating global change. To cope with the multiple challenges related to global change but also to further improve forest management we need a better understanding of (1) the linkages between drivers of ecosystem change and the state and management of forest ecosystems as well as their capacity to adapt to ongoing global environmental changes, and (2) the interrelationships within and between the components of forest ecosystems. To address the resulting challenges for the state of forest ecosystems in Central Europe, we suggest 45 questions for future ecological research. We define forest ecology as studies on the abiotic and biotic components of forest ecosystems and their interactions on varying spatial and temporal scales. Our questions cover five thematic fields and correspond to the criteria selected for describing the state of Europe’s forests by policy makers, i.e. biogeochemical cycling, mortality and disturbances, productivity, biodiversity and biotic interactions, and regulation and protection. We conclude that an improved mechanistic understanding of forest ecosystems is essential for the further development of ecosystem-oriented multifunctional forest management in the face of accelerating global change.}, author = {Ammer, Christian and Fichtner, Andreas and Fischer, Anton and Gossner, Martin M. and Meyer, Peter and Seidl, Rupert and Thomas, Frank M. and Annighöfer, Peter and Kreyling, Jürgen and Ohse, Bettina and Berger, Uta and Feldmann, Eike and Häberle, Karl-Heinz and Heer, Katrin and Heinrichs, Steffi and Huth, Franka and Krämer-Klement, Klara and Mölder, Andreas and Müller, Jörg and Mund, Martina and Opgenoorth, Lars and Schall, Peter and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Seidel, Dominik and Vogt, Juliane and Wagner, Sven}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, keywords = {biodiversity conservation forestecology management mortality myown productivity protection}, month = {nov}, pages = {3-25}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Key ecological research questions for Central European forests}, volume = 32, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 ammer2018ecological %A Ammer, Christian %A Fichtner, Andreas %A Fischer, Anton %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Meyer, Peter %A Seidl, Rupert %A Thomas, Frank M. %A Annighöfer, Peter %A Kreyling, Jürgen %A Ohse, Bettina %A Berger, Uta %A Feldmann, Eike %A Häberle, Karl-Heinz %A Heer, Katrin %A Heinrichs, Steffi %A Huth, Franka %A Krämer-Klement, Klara %A Mölder, Andreas %A Müller, Jörg %A Mund, Martina %A Opgenoorth, Lars %A Schall, Peter %A Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael %A Seidel, Dominik %A Vogt, Juliane %A Wagner, Sven %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Basic and Applied Ecology %P 3-25 %R 10.1016/j.baae.2018.07.006 %T Key ecological research questions for Central European forests %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.baae.2018.07.006 %V 32 %X Forests are under pressure from accelerating global change. To cope with the multiple challenges related to global change but also to further improve forest management we need a better understanding of (1) the linkages between drivers of ecosystem change and the state and management of forest ecosystems as well as their capacity to adapt to ongoing global environmental changes, and (2) the interrelationships within and between the components of forest ecosystems. To address the resulting challenges for the state of forest ecosystems in Central Europe, we suggest 45 questions for future ecological research. We define forest ecology as studies on the abiotic and biotic components of forest ecosystems and their interactions on varying spatial and temporal scales. Our questions cover five thematic fields and correspond to the criteria selected for describing the state of Europe’s forests by policy makers, i.e. biogeochemical cycling, mortality and disturbances, productivity, biodiversity and biotic interactions, and regulation and protection. We conclude that an improved mechanistic understanding of forest ecosystems is essential for the further development of ecosystem-oriented multifunctional forest management in the face of accelerating global change.
• Penone, Caterina ; Allan, Eric ; Soliveres, Santiago ; Felipe-Lucia, Mar'ia R ; Gossner, Martin M ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Simons, Nadja K. ; Schall, Peter ; Plas, Fons ; et al.: Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features. In: Lawler, J. (ed.) Ecology Letters vol. 22, Wiley (2018), Nr. 1, pp. 170-180
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  @article{penone2018specialisation, abstract = {While forest management strongly influences biodiversity, it remains unclear how the structural and compositional changes caused by management affect different community dimensions (e.g. richness, specialisation, abundance or completeness) and how this differs between taxa. We assessed the effects of nine forest features (representing stand structure, heterogeneity and tree composition) on thirteen above- and belowground trophic groups of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in 150 temperate forest plots differing in their management type. Canopy cover decreased light resources, which increased community specialisation but reduced overall diversity and abundance. Features increasing resource types and diversifying microhabitats (admixing of oaks and conifers) were important and mostly affected richness. Belowground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest features. Our results show that we need to consider forest features rather than broad management types and highlight the importance of considering several groups and community dimensions to better inform conservation.}, author = {Penone, Caterina and Allan, Eric and Soliveres, Santiago and Felipe-Lucia, Mar{\'{\i}}a R and Gossner, Martin M and Seibold, Sebastian and Simons, Nadja K. and Schall, Peter and Plas, Fons and Manning, Peter and Manzanedo, Rub{{é}}n D. and Boch, Steffen and Prati, Daniel and Ammer, Christian and Bauhus, Jürgen and Buscot, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Ehbrecht, Martin and Goldmann, Kezia and Jung, Kirsten and Müller, Jörg and Müller, Jörg C. and Pena, Rodica and Polle, Andrea and Renner, Swen C. and Ruess, Liliane and Schönig, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Solly, Emily F. and Tschapka, Marco and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Wubet, Tesfaye and Fischer, Markus}, editor = {Lawler, Joshua}, journal = {Ecology Letters}, keywords = {biodiversityexploratories darkdiversity forest forestmanagement globalchange land-use multidiversity myown specialisation temperate}, month = {nov}, number = 1, pages = {170-180}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features}, volume = 22, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 penone2018specialisation %A Penone, Caterina %A Allan, Eric %A Soliveres, Santiago %A Felipe-Lucia, Mar'ia R %A Gossner, Martin M %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Simons, Nadja K. %A Schall, Peter %A Plas, Fons %A Manning, Peter %A Manzanedo, Rubén D. %A Boch, Steffen %A Prati, Daniel %A Ammer, Christian %A Bauhus, Jürgen %A Buscot, Franccois %A Ehbrecht, Martin %A Goldmann, Kezia %A Jung, Kirsten %A Müller, Jörg %A Müller, Jörg C. %A Pena, Rodica %A Polle, Andrea %A Renner, Swen C. %A Ruess, Liliane %A Schönig, Ingo %A Schrumpf, Marion %A Solly, Emily F. %A Tschapka, Marco %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Wubet, Tesfaye %A Fischer, Markus %D 2018 %E Lawler, Joshua %I Wiley %J Ecology Letters %N 1 %P 170-180 %R 10.1111/ele.13182 %T Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fele.13182 %V 22 %X While forest management strongly influences biodiversity, it remains unclear how the structural and compositional changes caused by management affect different community dimensions (e.g. richness, specialisation, abundance or completeness) and how this differs between taxa. We assessed the effects of nine forest features (representing stand structure, heterogeneity and tree composition) on thirteen above- and belowground trophic groups of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in 150 temperate forest plots differing in their management type. Canopy cover decreased light resources, which increased community specialisation but reduced overall diversity and abundance. Features increasing resource types and diversifying microhabitats (admixing of oaks and conifers) were important and mostly affected richness. Belowground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest features. Our results show that we need to consider forest features rather than broad management types and highlight the importance of considering several groups and community dimensions to better inform conservation.
• Seibold, Sebastian ; Cadotte, Marc W. ; MacIvor, J. Scott ; Thorn, Simon ; Müller, Jörg: The Necessity of Multitrophic Approaches in Community Ecology. In: Trends in Ecology & Evolution vol. 33, Elsevier BV (2018), Nr. 10, pp. 754-764
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  @article{Seibold_2018, abstract = {Trophic interactions are a fundamental part of ecosystems; yet, most ecological studies focus on single trophic levels and this hampers our ability to detect the underlying mechanisms structuring communities as well as the effects of environmental change. Here, we argue that the historical dominance of studying competition within trophic levels, and the focus on taxonomic groups without differentiating the trophic level, has led to the under-representation of multitrophic research in community ecology. There are many hurdles that challenge multitrophic approaches and we discuss solutions to overcome these. To advance our understanding of the fundamental drivers of community assembly and to provide the necessary guidance for managing and mitigating the effects of environmental change, we argue that ecologists should better align research with a trophically inclusive definition of a community.}, author = {Seibold, Sebastian and Cadotte, Marc W. and MacIvor, J. Scott and Thorn, Simon and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution}, keywords = {communityecology environmentalchange foodweb myown trophicinteraction}, month = {oct}, number = 10, pages = {754-764}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {The Necessity of Multitrophic Approaches in Community Ecology}, volume = 33, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Seibold_2018 %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Cadotte, Marc W. %A MacIvor, J. Scott %A Thorn, Simon %A Müller, Jörg %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Trends in Ecology & Evolution %N 10 %P 754-764 %R 10.1016/j.tree.2018.07.001 %T The Necessity of Multitrophic Approaches in Community Ecology %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2018.07.001 %V 33 %X Trophic interactions are a fundamental part of ecosystems; yet, most ecological studies focus on single trophic levels and this hampers our ability to detect the underlying mechanisms structuring communities as well as the effects of environmental change. Here, we argue that the historical dominance of studying competition within trophic levels, and the focus on taxonomic groups without differentiating the trophic level, has led to the under-representation of multitrophic research in community ecology. There are many hurdles that challenge multitrophic approaches and we discuss solutions to overcome these. To advance our understanding of the fundamental drivers of community assembly and to provide the necessary guidance for managing and mitigating the effects of environmental change, we argue that ecologists should better align research with a trophically inclusive definition of a community.
• Kortmann, Mareike ; Heurich, Marco ; Latifi, Hooman ; Rösner, Sascha ; Seidl, Rupert ; Müller, Jörg ; Thorn, Simon: Forest structure following natural disturbances and early succession provides habitat for two avian flagship species, capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia). In: Biological Conservation vol. 226, Elsevier BV (2018), pp. 81-91
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  @article{kortmann2018forest, abstract = {Boreal and mountainous forests are a primary focus of conservation efforts and are naturally prone to large-scale disturbances, such as outbreaks of bark beetles. Affected stands are characterised by biological legacies which persist through the disturbance and subsequent succession. The lack of long-term monitoring data on post-disturbance forest structure precludes understanding of the complex pathways by which natural disturbances affect forest structure and subsequently species presence. We analysed the response of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) to bark beetle infestations. We combined high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) with a 23-year time series of aerial photography to quantify present-day forest structure and stand disturbance history. Species presence was assessed by collecting droppings of hazel grouse and capercaillie in a citizen science project. Structural equation models showed that the probability of hazel grouse presence increased with increasing disturbance, and the probability of both hazel grouse and capercaillie presence increased with succession. Indirect effects of bark beetle infestations, such as a reduced abundance of deciduous trees and an enhanced herb layer cover, were positively associated with capercaillie presence. Decreasing canopy cover increased the probability of hazel grouse presence. The high temporal and spatial heterogeneity of bark beetle infestations created forest structures that meet the contrasting habitat requirements of both, capercaillie and hazel grouse. This heterogeneity resulted from biological legacies such as decomposing snags, and the simultaneous regrowth of natural regeneration. A benign-neglect strategy towards bark beetle infestations could hence foster capercaillie and hazel grouse in mountainous forests.}, author = {Kortmann, Mareike and Heurich, Marco and Latifi, Hooman and Rösner, Sascha and Seidl, Rupert and Müller, Jörg and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, keywords = {Citizienscience Lidar Tetraoninae forestsuccession habitatselection myown naturaldisturbance}, month = {oct}, pages = {81-91}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Forest structure following natural disturbances and early succession provides habitat for two avian flagship species, capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia)}, volume = 226, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 kortmann2018forest %A Kortmann, Mareike %A Heurich, Marco %A Latifi, Hooman %A Rösner, Sascha %A Seidl, Rupert %A Müller, Jörg %A Thorn, Simon %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Biological Conservation %P 81-91 %R 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.014 %T Forest structure following natural disturbances and early succession provides habitat for two avian flagship species, capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2018.07.014 %V 226 %X Boreal and mountainous forests are a primary focus of conservation efforts and are naturally prone to large-scale disturbances, such as outbreaks of bark beetles. Affected stands are characterised by biological legacies which persist through the disturbance and subsequent succession. The lack of long-term monitoring data on post-disturbance forest structure precludes understanding of the complex pathways by which natural disturbances affect forest structure and subsequently species presence. We analysed the response of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) to bark beetle infestations. We combined high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) with a 23-year time series of aerial photography to quantify present-day forest structure and stand disturbance history. Species presence was assessed by collecting droppings of hazel grouse and capercaillie in a citizen science project. Structural equation models showed that the probability of hazel grouse presence increased with increasing disturbance, and the probability of both hazel grouse and capercaillie presence increased with succession. Indirect effects of bark beetle infestations, such as a reduced abundance of deciduous trees and an enhanced herb layer cover, were positively associated with capercaillie presence. Decreasing canopy cover increased the probability of hazel grouse presence. The high temporal and spatial heterogeneity of bark beetle infestations created forest structures that meet the contrasting habitat requirements of both, capercaillie and hazel grouse. This heterogeneity resulted from biological legacies such as decomposing snags, and the simultaneous regrowth of natural regeneration. A benign-neglect strategy towards bark beetle infestations could hence foster capercaillie and hazel grouse in mountainous forests.
• Drag, Lukas ; Hauck, David ; Rican, Oldrich ; Schmitt, Thomas ; Shovkoon, Dmitri F. ; Godunko, Roman J. ; Curletti, Gianfranco ; Cizek, Lukas: Phylogeography of the endangered saproxylic beetle Rosalia longicorn, Rosalia alpina (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), corresponds with its main host, the European beech (Fagus sylvatica, Fagaceae). In: Journal of Biogeography vol. 45 (2018), Nr. 12
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  @article{drag2018phylogeography, abstract = {Aim: The Rosalia longicorn (Rosalia alpina) is an internationally protected icon of biodiversity associated with old trees and dead wood. Although the beetle regularly exploits several marginal hosts, its preferred main host is European beech (Fagus sylvatica s.l.). Moreover, the geographical ranges of R. alpina and beech closely overlap. To assess whether their spatial association is mirrored in the genetic patterns of both species, we investigated the phylogeography of Rosalia alpina over its entire geographical range and compared it with the known genetic patterns of its hosts. Location: Europe and western Asia. Methods: Using both mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (14 microsatellite loci) markers, we analysed 148 (444, respectively) individuals from 31 (30, respectively) sites. We constructed a Bayesian Inference tree and a haplotype network, calculated the spatial analysis of molecular variance and assessed the population structure of our dataset using two Bayesian clustering methods (STRUCTURE and BAPS). Results: Mitochondrial markers suggested existence of five clades in R. alpina popu- lations. Two of them were endemic to the Italian mainland, one to Sicily, and another to southern Turkey. The remaining clade probably originated in the Balkans and colonized the rest of the species’ range. Nuclear markers supported this division. They also suggested two main recolonization routes from the Balkans; one heading north and then both west and east, the second expanding eastwards as far as the Caucasus. The observed genetic patterns were largely congruent with those of European beech. Main conclusions: The results of both markers were mostly congruent, suggesting at least four potential refugia for R. alpina located in the southernmost parts of its geographical range. Its populations from a large part of Europe and western Asia, however, were genetically poor, dominated by a single haplotype. Phylogeographies of the beetle and its main host seem to be tightly matched, reflecting their common history.}, author = {Drag, Lukas and Hauck, David and Rican, Oldrich and Schmitt, Thomas and Shovkoon, Dmitri F. and Godunko, Roman J. and Curletti, Gianfranco and Cizek, Lukas}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {biogeography conservation insectplantinteractions myown postglacialrecolonization refugium spatialgeneticstructure}, month = {oct}, number = 12, title = {Phylogeography of the endangered saproxylic beetle Rosalia longicorn, Rosalia alpina (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), corresponds with its main host, the European beech (Fagus sylvatica, Fagaceae)}, volume = 45, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 drag2018phylogeography %A Drag, Lukas %A Hauck, David %A Rican, Oldrich %A Schmitt, Thomas %A Shovkoon, Dmitri F. %A Godunko, Roman J. %A Curletti, Gianfranco %A Cizek, Lukas %D 2018 %J Journal of Biogeography %N 12 %R 10.1111/jbi.13429 %T Phylogeography of the endangered saproxylic beetle Rosalia longicorn, Rosalia alpina (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), corresponds with its main host, the European beech (Fagus sylvatica, Fagaceae) %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jbi.13429 %V 45 %X Aim: The Rosalia longicorn (Rosalia alpina) is an internationally protected icon of biodiversity associated with old trees and dead wood. Although the beetle regularly exploits several marginal hosts, its preferred main host is European beech (Fagus sylvatica s.l.). Moreover, the geographical ranges of R. alpina and beech closely overlap. To assess whether their spatial association is mirrored in the genetic patterns of both species, we investigated the phylogeography of Rosalia alpina over its entire geographical range and compared it with the known genetic patterns of its hosts. Location: Europe and western Asia. Methods: Using both mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (14 microsatellite loci) markers, we analysed 148 (444, respectively) individuals from 31 (30, respectively) sites. We constructed a Bayesian Inference tree and a haplotype network, calculated the spatial analysis of molecular variance and assessed the population structure of our dataset using two Bayesian clustering methods (STRUCTURE and BAPS). Results: Mitochondrial markers suggested existence of five clades in R. alpina popu- lations. Two of them were endemic to the Italian mainland, one to Sicily, and another to southern Turkey. The remaining clade probably originated in the Balkans and colonized the rest of the species’ range. Nuclear markers supported this division. They also suggested two main recolonization routes from the Balkans; one heading north and then both west and east, the second expanding eastwards as far as the Caucasus. The observed genetic patterns were largely congruent with those of European beech. Main conclusions: The results of both markers were mostly congruent, suggesting at least four potential refugia for R. alpina located in the southernmost parts of its geographical range. Its populations from a large part of Europe and western Asia, however, were genetically poor, dominated by a single haplotype. Phylogeographies of the beetle and its main host seem to be tightly matched, reflecting their common history.
• Thorn, Simon ; Förster, Bernhard ; Heibl, Christoph ; Müller, Jörg ; Bässler, Claus: Influence of macroclimate and local conservation measures on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi. In: Biodiversity and Conservation vol. 27 (2018), Nr. 12, pp. 3119-3135
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thorn2018influence, abstract = {Wood-inhabiting fungi and saproxylic beetles are threatened by habitat degradation. Our understanding of the importance of macroclimate and local factors determining their taxonomic diversity has increased, but determinants of functional and phylogenetic diversity are poorly understood. We investigated assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi and saproxylic beetles along a 1000 m elevational gradient of a temperate low mountain range. We (i) tested the relative importance of macroclimate (i.e. elevation) and local variables (microclimate, i.e. canopy closure, amount and diversity of dead wood) in determining observed and rarefied diversities and (ii) explored whether determinants of observed functional and phylogenetic diversities match those of taxonomic diversity. For both taxa, the determinants of observed phylogenetic and functional diversities largely matched those of taxonomic diversity. The diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi was predominantly determined by local variables, whereas that of saproxylic beetles was determined by both local variables and elevation. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic beetles decreased with increasing elevation, but standardized functional richness and entropy of both groups increased with increasing elevation. Diversities of wood-inhabiting fungi increased with canopy closure, while diversities of saproxylic beetles decreased with increasing canopy closure. Microclimate and dead-wood amount and diversity affected the observed and rarefied diversity of both saproxylic taxa, which justifies conservation actions that focus on attributes of dead wood and canopy cover. The contrasting responses of fungi and beetles highlight the need for amounts of diverse dead wood in the various microclimates to preserve functional and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic organisms.}, author = {Thorn, Simon and F{ö}rster, Bernhard and Heibl, Christoph and M{ü}ller, J{ö}rg and B{ä}ssler, Claus}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, keywords = {Assemblyprocesses Climatechange Nullmodel conservation diversity forest myown saproxylic speciesrichness}, month = {oct}, number = 12, pages = {3119-3135}, title = {Influence of macroclimate and local conservation measures on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi}, volume = 27, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thorn2018influence %A Thorn, Simon %A Förster, Bernhard %A Heibl, Christoph %A Müller, Jörg %A Bässler, Claus %D 2018 %J Biodiversity and Conservation %N 12 %P 3119-3135 %R 10.1007/s10531-018-1592-0 %T Influence of macroclimate and local conservation measures on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1592-0 %V 27 %X Wood-inhabiting fungi and saproxylic beetles are threatened by habitat degradation. Our understanding of the importance of macroclimate and local factors determining their taxonomic diversity has increased, but determinants of functional and phylogenetic diversity are poorly understood. We investigated assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi and saproxylic beetles along a 1000 m elevational gradient of a temperate low mountain range. We (i) tested the relative importance of macroclimate (i.e. elevation) and local variables (microclimate, i.e. canopy closure, amount and diversity of dead wood) in determining observed and rarefied diversities and (ii) explored whether determinants of observed functional and phylogenetic diversities match those of taxonomic diversity. For both taxa, the determinants of observed phylogenetic and functional diversities largely matched those of taxonomic diversity. The diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi was predominantly determined by local variables, whereas that of saproxylic beetles was determined by both local variables and elevation. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic beetles decreased with increasing elevation, but standardized functional richness and entropy of both groups increased with increasing elevation. Diversities of wood-inhabiting fungi increased with canopy closure, while diversities of saproxylic beetles decreased with increasing canopy closure. Microclimate and dead-wood amount and diversity affected the observed and rarefied diversity of both saproxylic taxa, which justifies conservation actions that focus on attributes of dead wood and canopy cover. The contrasting responses of fungi and beetles highlight the need for amounts of diverse dead wood in the various microclimates to preserve functional and phylogenetic diversities of saproxylic organisms.
• Biedermann, Peter H. W. ; Grégoire, Jean-Claude ; Gruppe, Axel ; Hagge, Jonas ; Hammerbacher, Almuth ; Hofstetter, Richard ; Kandasamy, Dineshkumar ; Kolarik, Miroslav ; Kostovcik, Martin ; et al.: Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions, MDPI AG (2018)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{biedermann2018beetle, abstract = {Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. Yet despite >200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions or crashes are still not fully understood, precluding reliable predictions of the effects of global change on beetle population dynamics and impacts on ecosystems and humans. We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and present a novel ecological framework that integrates the multiple drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this important pest; an approach that might serve as a blueprint for other eruptive forest insects.}, author = {Biedermann, Peter H. W. and Gr{{é}}goire, Jean-Claude and Gruppe, Axel and Hagge, Jonas and Hammerbacher, Almuth and Hofstetter, Richard and Kandasamy, Dineshkumar and Kolarik, Miroslav and Kostovcik, Martin and Krokene, Paal and Müller, Jörg and Sall{{é}}, Aur{{é}}lien and Six, Diana L. and Turrini, Tabea and Vanderpool, Dan and Wingfield, Michael and Bässler, Claus}, keywords = {Dendroctonus Ips barkbeetle bioticinteractions europeanspruce forestpest globalchange myown naturalenemies populationdynamics symbiosis treekilling}, month = {oct}, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, title = {Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions}, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 biedermann2018beetle %A Biedermann, Peter H. W. %A Grégoire, Jean-Claude %A Gruppe, Axel %A Hagge, Jonas %A Hammerbacher, Almuth %A Hofstetter, Richard %A Kandasamy, Dineshkumar %A Kolarik, Miroslav %A Kostovcik, Martin %A Krokene, Paal %A Müller, Jörg %A Sallé, Aurélien %A Six, Diana L. %A Turrini, Tabea %A Vanderpool, Dan %A Wingfield, Michael %A Bässler, Claus %D 2018 %I MDPI AG %R 10.20944/preprints201810.0640.v1 %T Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions %U https://doi.org/10.20944%2Fpreprints201810.0640.v1 %X Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. Yet despite >200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions or crashes are still not fully understood, precluding reliable predictions of the effects of global change on beetle population dynamics and impacts on ecosystems and humans. We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and present a novel ecological framework that integrates the multiple drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this important pest; an approach that might serve as a blueprint for other eruptive forest insects.
• Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Lindenmayer, David B. ; Thorn, Simon ; Gustafsson, Lena: Salvage logging in the world's forests: Interactions between natural disturbance and logging need recognition. In: Global Ecology and Biogeography vol. 27, Wiley (2018), Nr. 10, p. 1140--1154
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  @article{Leverkus_2018, author = {Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Lindenmayer, David B. and Thorn, Simon and Gustafsson, Lena}, journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography}, keywords = {insectoutbreak myown salvageharvesting sanitationlogging wildlife windthrow}, month = {sep}, number = 10, pages = {1140&ndash;1154}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Salvage logging in the world's forests: Interactions between natural disturbance and logging need recognition}, volume = 27, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Leverkus_2018 %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Lindenmayer, David B. %A Thorn, Simon %A Gustafsson, Lena %D 2018 %I Wiley %J Global Ecology and Biogeography %N 10 %P 1140--1154 %R 10.1111/geb.12772 %T Salvage logging in the world's forests: Interactions between natural disturbance and logging need recognition %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fgeb.12772 %V 27
• Bae, Soyeon ; Müller, Jörg ; Lee, Dowon ; Vierling, Kerri T. ; Vogeler, Jody C. ; Vierling, Lee A. ; Hudak, Andrew T. ; Latifi, Hooman ; Thorn, Simon: Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bird assemblages are oppositely associated to productivity and heterogeneity in temperate forests. In: Remote Sensing of Environment vol. 215, Elsevier BV (2018), pp. 145-156
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Bae_2018, abstract = {Conserving multiple facets of biodiversity is important for sustaining ecosystems. However, understanding relationships between faunal diversity and measurable ecosystem quantities, such as heterogeneity and productivity, across continental scales can be complicated by disparate methods. We developed standardized ap- proaches using lidar data and spectral greenness data (via NDVI; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from 637 sampling plots across four sites in North America, Europe, and Asia to test the local effects of habitat heterogeneity and productivity on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of breeding bird assemblages using boosted generalized additive models. Our results revealed the 3-D (three dimensional) vegetation structure (horizontal and vertical) to be of similar importance as NDVI in multiple biodiversity measures, and the importance of 3-D structure was higher for functional and phylogenetic biodiversity measures than for taxonomic measures. We found congruent responses between functional and phylogenetic diversity; however, patterns of taxonomic diversity differed from those of functional/phylogenetic diversity for most predictors. For example, NDVI had positive relationships with taxonomic diversity, but negative relationships with functional/phylogenetic diversity. The effect of canopy density on taxonomic diversity was generally bell-shaped, whereas the relationship was U-shaped for functional and phylogenetic diversity. As a result, this study supports a silviculture strategy with a high variety of canopy densities and vertical variabilities across forest stands to create maximum benefits for regional biodiversity. Here, early succession stands and closed stands sustain functionally-rich bird assemblages, while stands with a medium canopy density promote species-rich assemblages.}, author = {Bae, Soyeon and Müller, Jörg and Lee, Dowon and Vierling, Kerri T. and Vogeler, Jody C. and Vierling, Lee A. and Hudak, Andrew T. and Latifi, Hooman and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment}, keywords = {Habiatheterogeneityhypothesis Lidar NDVI Nullmodel Productivitydiversityhypothesis biodiversity canopydensity myown}, month = {sep}, pages = {145-156}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bird assemblages are oppositely associated to productivity and heterogeneity in temperate forests}, volume = 215, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Bae_2018 %A Bae, Soyeon %A Müller, Jörg %A Lee, Dowon %A Vierling, Kerri T. %A Vogeler, Jody C. %A Vierling, Lee A. %A Hudak, Andrew T. %A Latifi, Hooman %A Thorn, Simon %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Remote Sensing of Environment %P 145-156 %R 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.031 %T Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bird assemblages are oppositely associated to productivity and heterogeneity in temperate forests %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2018.05.031 %V 215 %X Conserving multiple facets of biodiversity is important for sustaining ecosystems. However, understanding relationships between faunal diversity and measurable ecosystem quantities, such as heterogeneity and productivity, across continental scales can be complicated by disparate methods. We developed standardized ap- proaches using lidar data and spectral greenness data (via NDVI; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from 637 sampling plots across four sites in North America, Europe, and Asia to test the local effects of habitat heterogeneity and productivity on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of breeding bird assemblages using boosted generalized additive models. Our results revealed the 3-D (three dimensional) vegetation structure (horizontal and vertical) to be of similar importance as NDVI in multiple biodiversity measures, and the importance of 3-D structure was higher for functional and phylogenetic biodiversity measures than for taxonomic measures. We found congruent responses between functional and phylogenetic diversity; however, patterns of taxonomic diversity differed from those of functional/phylogenetic diversity for most predictors. For example, NDVI had positive relationships with taxonomic diversity, but negative relationships with functional/phylogenetic diversity. The effect of canopy density on taxonomic diversity was generally bell-shaped, whereas the relationship was U-shaped for functional and phylogenetic diversity. As a result, this study supports a silviculture strategy with a high variety of canopy densities and vertical variabilities across forest stands to create maximum benefits for regional biodiversity. Here, early succession stands and closed stands sustain functionally-rich bird assemblages, while stands with a medium canopy density promote species-rich assemblages.
• Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Benayas, José Mar'ia Rey ; Castro, Jorge ; Boucher, Dominique ; Brewer, Stephen ; Collins, Brandon M. ; Donato, Daniel ; Fraver, Shawn ; Kishchuk, Barbara E. ; et al.: Salvage logging effects on regulating and supporting ecosystem services - a systematic map. In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research vol. 48, Canadian Science Publishing (2018), Nr. 9, p. 983--1000
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Leverkus_2018, author = {Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Benayas, Jos{{é}} Mar{\'{\i}}a Rey and Castro, Jorge and Boucher, Dominique and Brewer, Stephen and Collins, Brandon M. and Donato, Daniel and Fraver, Shawn and Kishchuk, Barbara E. and Lee, Eun-Jae and Lindenmayer, David B. and Lingua, Emanuele and Macdonald, Ellen and Marzano, Raffaella and Rhoades, Charles C. and Royo, Alejandro and Thorn, Simon and Wagenbrenner, Joseph W. and Waldron, Kaysandra and Wohlgemuth, Thomas and Gustafsson, Lena}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, keywords = {insectoutbreak myown salvageharvesting sanitationlogging wildfire windthrow}, month = {sep}, number = 9, pages = {983&ndash;1000}, publisher = {Canadian Science Publishing}, title = {Salvage logging effects on regulating and supporting ecosystem services - a systematic map}, volume = 48, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Leverkus_2018 %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Benayas, José Mar'ia Rey %A Castro, Jorge %A Boucher, Dominique %A Brewer, Stephen %A Collins, Brandon M. %A Donato, Daniel %A Fraver, Shawn %A Kishchuk, Barbara E. %A Lee, Eun-Jae %A Lindenmayer, David B. %A Lingua, Emanuele %A Macdonald, Ellen %A Marzano, Raffaella %A Rhoades, Charles C. %A Royo, Alejandro %A Thorn, Simon %A Wagenbrenner, Joseph W. %A Waldron, Kaysandra %A Wohlgemuth, Thomas %A Gustafsson, Lena %D 2018 %I Canadian Science Publishing %J Canadian Journal of Forest Research %N 9 %P 983--1000 %R 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0114 %T Salvage logging effects on regulating and supporting ecosystem services - a systematic map %U https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fcjfr-2018-0114 %V 48
• Moll, Julia ; Kellner, Harald ; Leonhardt, Sabrina ; Stengel, Elisa ; Dahl, Andreas ; Bässler, Claus ; Buscot, Francois ; Hofrichter, Martin ; Hoppe, Björn: Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood. In: Environmental Microbiology vol. 20 (2018), Nr. 10
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{moll2018bacteria, author = {Moll, Julia and Kellner, Harald and Leonhardt, Sabrina and Stengel, Elisa and Dahl, Andreas and Bässler, Claus and Buscot, Francois and Hofrichter, Martin and Hoppe, Björn}, journal = {Environmental Microbiology}, keywords = {myown}, month = {aug}, number = 10, title = {Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood}, volume = 20, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 moll2018bacteria %A Moll, Julia %A Kellner, Harald %A Leonhardt, Sabrina %A Stengel, Elisa %A Dahl, Andreas %A Bässler, Claus %A Buscot, Francois %A Hofrichter, Martin %A Hoppe, Björn %D 2018 %J Environmental Microbiology %N 10 %R 10.1111/1462-2920.14376 %T Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood %U https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1462-2920.14376 %V 20
• Cuadros-Casanova, Ivon ; Zamora, Camilo ; Ulrich, Werner ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Habel, Jan C.: Empty forests: safeguarding a sinking flagship in a biodiversity hotspot. In: Biodiversity and Conservation vol. 27 (2018), Nr. 10, pp. 2495-2506
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{cuadroscasanova2018empty, abstract = {Anthropogenic activities caused a severe loss of pristine habitats alongside with fragmentation of remaining habitats and the deterioration of habitat quality. The Arabuko Sokoke forest represents the largest remnant of East African coastal forest. Despite conservation efforts to maintain biodiversity in this forest, populations of several species are declining, including flagship species like the endemic Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae. In this study, we assessed the presence of O. ireneae based on playback technique to identify the occurrence of this species across the forest. We then analysed habitat parameters at sites occupied and non-occupied by the owl species. Our data show that O. ireneae occurs restricted to one single forest type, the Cynometra woodland. Results obtained from parametric one-way ANOVA and structural equation modelling reveal that large old Cynometra webberi trees and dead wood are key requirements for the occurrence of this owl species. However, large C. webberi trees are currently illegally logged by the forest adjacent human population to produce timber, carvings, poles. Charcoal and dead wood represents a major energy source for households. Otus ireneae, being the smallest owl of East Africa may serve as a charismatic flag ship species to promote conservation of this endangered coastal forest, and furthermore as umbrella to conserve other forest species with similar habitat requirements.}, author = {Cuadros-Casanova, Ivon and Zamora, Camilo and Ulrich, Werner and Seibold, Sebastian and Habel, Jan C.}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, keywords = {Sokokescopsowl coastalforest eastafrica endemicspecies habitatmodel habitatquality humanneeds myown playbackcall poverty}, month = {aug}, number = 10, pages = {2495-2506}, title = {Empty forests: safeguarding a sinking flagship in a biodiversity hotspot}, volume = 27, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 cuadroscasanova2018empty %A Cuadros-Casanova, Ivon %A Zamora, Camilo %A Ulrich, Werner %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Habel, Jan C. %D 2018 %J Biodiversity and Conservation %N 10 %P 2495-2506 %R 10.1007/s10531-018-1548-4 %T Empty forests: safeguarding a sinking flagship in a biodiversity hotspot %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1548-4 %V 27 %X Anthropogenic activities caused a severe loss of pristine habitats alongside with fragmentation of remaining habitats and the deterioration of habitat quality. The Arabuko Sokoke forest represents the largest remnant of East African coastal forest. Despite conservation efforts to maintain biodiversity in this forest, populations of several species are declining, including flagship species like the endemic Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae. In this study, we assessed the presence of O. ireneae based on playback technique to identify the occurrence of this species across the forest. We then analysed habitat parameters at sites occupied and non-occupied by the owl species. Our data show that O. ireneae occurs restricted to one single forest type, the Cynometra woodland. Results obtained from parametric one-way ANOVA and structural equation modelling reveal that large old Cynometra webberi trees and dead wood are key requirements for the occurrence of this owl species. However, large C. webberi trees are currently illegally logged by the forest adjacent human population to produce timber, carvings, poles. Charcoal and dead wood represents a major energy source for households. Otus ireneae, being the smallest owl of East Africa may serve as a charismatic flag ship species to promote conservation of this endangered coastal forest, and furthermore as umbrella to conserve other forest species with similar habitat requirements.
• Müller, Jörg ; Varandi, Hassan Barimani ; Babaii, Mohammad Reza ; Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim ; Sageb-Talebi, Khosro ; Lange, Frank ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Jarzabek-Müller, Andrea ; Roth, Nicolas ; et al.: The diversity of saproxylic insects (Coleoptera, Heteroptera) on four tree species of the Hyrcanian forest in Iran. In: Journal of Insect Conservation vol. 22 (2018), Nr. 3, pp. 607-625
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{muller2018diversity, abstract = {In Central European temperate forests, the host tree identity is one factor that determines the diversity of saproxylic organisms. These forests have been affected by humans for millennia, in contrast to the Hyrcanian forests south of the Caspian Sea, with their numerous old-growth features and endemic species. How the tree host species in this temperate relict of Tertiary forests affects saproxylic biodiversity is unknown, as an inventory of the saproxylic fauna present is incomplete, and new species are still being described. To analyze the importance of four dominant tree species in this region (Fagus orientalis, Quercus castaneifolia, Alnus subcordata, and Carpinus betulus), we sampled saproxylic beetles and true bugs with flight-interception traps at five dead trees per host species. We identified 361 beetle and 7 true bug species; of these, 268 were saproxylic, 56 were endemic, 11 were Central European ``primeval-forest relicts'', and at least 16 species were undescribed. Rarefaction-extrapolation curves indicated higher species richness of saproxylic beetles and true bugs on F. orientalis and C. betulus than on A. subcordata and Q. castaneifolia, but ordination showed that communities were most distinct on Q. castaneifolia. Higher species richness on C. betulus and F. orientalis compared to Q. castaneifolia was unexpected based on literature but is in line with recent findings of experimental studies from Central Europe. Our results underline previous findings on the importance of moribund trees and dead wood in the Hyrcanian forests, and thereby support current efforts of Iranian authorities to stop the removal of veteran trees. The complementary fauna on oak trees compared to the other three tree species illustrates the importance of fragments of the almost destroyed oak forests along the coastline for forest biodiversity conservation in the Hyrcanian region.}, author = {Müller, Jörg and Varandi, Hassan Barimani and Babaii, Mohammad Reza and Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim and Sageb-Talebi, Khosro and Lange, Frank and Gossner, Martin M. and Jarzabek-Müller, Andrea and Roth, Nicolas and Thorn, Simon and Seibold, Sebastian}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, keywords = {Alnus Carpinus Fagus Quercus biodiversity conservation deadwood myown veterantrees}, month = {aug}, number = 3, pages = {607-625}, title = {The diversity of saproxylic insects (Coleoptera, Heteroptera) on four tree species of the Hyrcanian forest in Iran}, volume = 22, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 muller2018diversity %A Müller, Jörg %A Varandi, Hassan Barimani %A Babaii, Mohammad Reza %A Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim %A Sageb-Talebi, Khosro %A Lange, Frank %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Jarzabek-Müller, Andrea %A Roth, Nicolas %A Thorn, Simon %A Seibold, Sebastian %D 2018 %J Journal of Insect Conservation %N 3 %P 607-625 %R 10.1007/s10841-018-0089-1 %T The diversity of saproxylic insects (Coleoptera, Heteroptera) on four tree species of the Hyrcanian forest in Iran %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0089-1 %V 22 %X In Central European temperate forests, the host tree identity is one factor that determines the diversity of saproxylic organisms. These forests have been affected by humans for millennia, in contrast to the Hyrcanian forests south of the Caspian Sea, with their numerous old-growth features and endemic species. How the tree host species in this temperate relict of Tertiary forests affects saproxylic biodiversity is unknown, as an inventory of the saproxylic fauna present is incomplete, and new species are still being described. To analyze the importance of four dominant tree species in this region (Fagus orientalis, Quercus castaneifolia, Alnus subcordata, and Carpinus betulus), we sampled saproxylic beetles and true bugs with flight-interception traps at five dead trees per host species. We identified 361 beetle and 7 true bug species; of these, 268 were saproxylic, 56 were endemic, 11 were Central European ``primeval-forest relicts'', and at least 16 species were undescribed. Rarefaction-extrapolation curves indicated higher species richness of saproxylic beetles and true bugs on F. orientalis and C. betulus than on A. subcordata and Q. castaneifolia, but ordination showed that communities were most distinct on Q. castaneifolia. Higher species richness on C. betulus and F. orientalis compared to Q. castaneifolia was unexpected based on literature but is in line with recent findings of experimental studies from Central Europe. Our results underline previous findings on the importance of moribund trees and dead wood in the Hyrcanian forests, and thereby support current efforts of Iranian authorities to stop the removal of veteran trees. The complementary fauna on oak trees compared to the other three tree species illustrates the importance of fragments of the almost destroyed oak forests along the coastline for forest biodiversity conservation in the Hyrcanian region.
• Dornelas, Maria ; Antao, Laura H. ; Moyes, Faye ; Bates, Amanda E. ; Magurran, Anne E. ; Adam, Dusan ; Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. ; Appeltans, Ward ; Arcos, José Manuel ; et al.: BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. In: Global Ecology and Biogeography vol. 27 (2018), Nr. 7
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{dornelas2018biotime, abstract = {Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain: BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.}, author = {Dornelas, Maria and Antao, Laura H. and Moyes, Faye and Bates, Amanda E. and Magurran, Anne E. and Adam, Dusan and Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. and Appeltans, Ward and Arcos, José Manuel and Arnold, Haley and Ayyappan, Narayanan and Badihi, Gal and Baird, Andrew H. and Barbosa, Miguel and Barreto, Tago Egydio and Bässler, Claus and Bellgrove, Alecia and Belmaker, Jonathan and Benedetti‐Cecchi, Lisandro and Bett, Brian J. and Bjorkman, Anne D. and Błażewicz, Magdalena and Blowes, Shane A. and Bloch, Christopher P. and Bonebrake, Timothy C. and Boyd, Susan and Bradford, Matt and Brooks, Andrew J. and Brown, James H. and Bruelheide, Helge and Budy, Phaedra and Carvalho, Fernando and Castañeda‐Moya, Edward and Chen, Chaolun Allen and Chamblee, John F. and Chase, Tory J. and Siegwart Collier, Laura and Collinge, Sharon K. and Condit, Richard and Cooper, Elisabeth J. and Cornelissen, J. Hans C. and Cotano, Unai and Crow, Shannan Kyle and Damasceno, Gabriella and Davies, Claire H. and Davis, Robert A. and Day, Frank P. and Degraer, Steven and Doherty, Tim S. and Dunn, Timothy E. and Durigan, Giselda and Duffy, J. Emmett and Edelist, Dor and Edgar, Graham J. and Elahi, Robin and Elmendorf, Sarah C. and Enemar, Anders and Ernest, S. K. Morgan and Escribano, Rubén and Estiarte, Marc and Evans, Brian S. and Fan, Tung-Yung and Farah, Fabiano Turini and Fernandes, Luiz Loureiro and Farneda, Fabio Z. and Fidelis, Alessandra and Fitt, Robert and Fosaa, Anna Maria and Franco, Geraldo. A. D. C. and Frank, Grace E and Fraser, William R. and García, Hernando and Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla and Givan, Or and Gorgone‐Barbosa, Elizabeth and Gould, William A. and Gries, Corinna and Grossman, Gary D and Gutierréz, Julio R. and Hale, Stephen and Harmon, Mark E. and Harte, John and Haskins, Gary and Henshaw, Donald L. and Hermanutz, Luise and Hidalgo, Pamela and Higuchi, Pedro and Hoey, Andrew and Van Hoey, Gert and Hofgaard, Annika and Holeck, Kristen and Hollister, Robert D. and Holmes, Richard and Hoogenboom, Mia and Hsieh, Chih-hao and Hubbell, Stephen P. and Huettmann, Falk and Huffard, Christine L. and Hurlbert, Allen H. and Ivanauskas, Natália Macedo and Janík, David and Jandt, Ute and Jażdżewska, Anna and Johannessen, Tore and Johnstone, Jill and Jones, Julia and Jones, Faith A. M. and Kang, Jungwon and Kartawijaya, Tasrif and Keeley, Erin C. and Kelt, Douglas A. and Kinnear, Rebecca and Klanderud, Kari and Knutsen, Halvor and Koenig, Christopher C. and Kortz, Alessandra R. and Král, Kamil and Kuhnz, Linda A. and Kuo, Chao-Yang and Kushner, David J. and Laguionie‐Marchais, Claire and Lancaster, Lesley T and Lee, Cheol Min and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and Lévesque, Esther and Lightfoot, David and Lloret, Francisco and Lloyd, John D. and López‐Baucells, Adrià and Louzao, Maite and Madin, Joshua S. and Magnússon, Borgþór and Malamud, Shahar and Matthews, Iain and McFarland, Kent P. and McGill, Brian and McKnight, Diane and McLarney, William O. and Meador, Jason and Meserve, Peter L. and Metcalfe, Daniel J. and Meyer, Christoph F. J. and Michelsen, Anders and Milchakova, Nataliya and Moens, Tom and Moland, Even and Moore, Jon and Moreira, Carolina Mathias and Müller, Jörg and Murphy, Grace and Myers‐Smith, Isla H. and Myster, Randall W. and Naumov, Andrew and Neat, Francis and Nelson, James A. and Nelson, Michael Paul and Newton, Stephen F. and Norden, Natalia and Oliver, Jeffrey C. and Olsen, Esben M. and Onipchenko, Vladimir G. and Pabis, Krzysztof and Pabst, Robert J. and Paquette, Alain and Pardede, Sinta and Paterson, David M. and Pélissier, Raphaël and Peñuelas, Josep and Pérez‐Matus, Alejandro and Pizarro, Oscar and Pomati, Francesco and Post, Eric and Prins, Herbert H. T. and Priscu, John C. and Provoost, Pieter and Prudic, Kathleen L. and Pulliainen, Erkki and Ramesh, B. R. and Ramos, Olivia Mendivil and Rassweiler, Andrew and Rebelo, Jose Eduardo and Reed, Daniel C. and Reich, Peter B. and Remillard, Suzanne M. and Richardson, Anthony J. and Richardson, J. Paul and van Rijn, Itai and Rocha, Ricardo and Rivera‐Monroy, Victor H. and Rixen, Christian and Robinson, Kevin P. and Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro and Rossa‐Feres, Denise d. C. and Rudstam, Lars and Ruhl, Henry and Ruz, Catalina S. and Sampaio, Erica M. and Rybicki, Nancy and Rypel, Andrew and Sal, Sofia and Salgado, Beatriz and Santos, Flavio A. M. and Savassi‐Coutinho, Ana Paula and Scanga, Sara and Schmidt, Jochen and Schooley, Robert and Setiawan, Fakhrizal and Shao, Kwang‐Tsao and Shaver, Gaius R. and Sherman, Sally and Sherry, Thomas W. and Siciński, Jacek and Sievers, Caya and da Silva, Ana Carolina and da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues and Silveira, Fabio L. and Slingsby, Jasper and Smart, Tracey and Snell, Sara J. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Souza, Gabriel B. G. and Souza, Flaviana Maluf and Souza, Vinícius Castro and Stallings, Christopher D. and Stanforth, Rowan and Stanley, Emily H. and Sterza, José Mauro and Stevens, Maarten and Stuart‐Smith, Rick and Suarez, Yzel Rondon and Supp, Sarah and Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio and Tarigan, Sukmaraharja and Thiede, Gary P. and Thorn, Simon and Tolvanen, Anne and Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani and Totland, Ørjan and Twilley, Robert R. and Vaitkus, Gediminas and Valdivia, Nelson and Vallejo, Martha Isabel and Valone, Thomas J. and Van Colen, Carl and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Venturoli, Fabio and Verheye, Hans M. and Vianna, Marcelo and Vieira, Rui P. and Vrška, Tomáš and Vu, Con Quang and Vu, Lien Van and Waide, Robert B. and Waldock, Conor and Watts, Dave and Webb, Sara and Wesołowski, Tomasz and White, Ethan P. and Widdicombe, Claire E. and Wilgers, Dustin and Williams, Richard and Williams, Stefan B. and Williamson, Mark and Willig, Michael R. and Willis, Trevor J. and Wipf, Sonja and Woods, Kerry D. and Woehler, Eric J. and Zawada, Kyle and Zettler, Michael L.}, journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography}, keywords = {biodiversity global myown spatial speciesrichness temporal turnover}, month = {jul}, number = 7, title = {BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene}, volume = 27, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 dornelas2018biotime %A Dornelas, Maria %A Antao, Laura H. %A Moyes, Faye %A Bates, Amanda E. %A Magurran, Anne E. %A Adam, Dusan %A Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. %A Appeltans, Ward %A Arcos, José Manuel %A Arnold, Haley %A Ayyappan, Narayanan %A Badihi, Gal %A Baird, Andrew H. %A Barbosa, Miguel %A Barreto, Tago Egydio %A Bässler, Claus %A Bellgrove, Alecia %A Belmaker, Jonathan %A Benedetti‐Cecchi, Lisandro %A Bett, Brian J. %A Bjorkman, Anne D. %A Błażewicz, Magdalena %A Blowes, Shane A. %A Bloch, Christopher P. %A Bonebrake, Timothy C. %A Boyd, Susan %A Bradford, Matt %A Brooks, Andrew J. %A Brown, James H. %A Bruelheide, Helge %A Budy, Phaedra %A Carvalho, Fernando %A Castañeda‐Moya, Edward %A Chen, Chaolun Allen %A Chamblee, John F. %A Chase, Tory J. %A Siegwart Collier, Laura %A Collinge, Sharon K. %A Condit, Richard %A Cooper, Elisabeth J. %A Cornelissen, J. Hans C. %A Cotano, Unai %A Crow, Shannan Kyle %A Damasceno, Gabriella %A Davies, Claire H. %A Davis, Robert A. %A Day, Frank P. %A Degraer, Steven %A Doherty, Tim S. %A Dunn, Timothy E. %A Durigan, Giselda %A Duffy, J. Emmett %A Edelist, Dor %A Edgar, Graham J. %A Elahi, Robin %A Elmendorf, Sarah C. %A Enemar, Anders %A Ernest, S. K. Morgan %A Escribano, Rubén %A Estiarte, Marc %A Evans, Brian S. %A Fan, Tung-Yung %A Farah, Fabiano Turini %A Fernandes, Luiz Loureiro %A Farneda, Fabio Z. %A Fidelis, Alessandra %A Fitt, Robert %A Fosaa, Anna Maria %A Franco, Geraldo. A. D. C. %A Frank, Grace E %A Fraser, William R. %A García, Hernando %A Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla %A Givan, Or %A Gorgone‐Barbosa, Elizabeth %A Gould, William A. %A Gries, Corinna %A Grossman, Gary D %A Gutierréz, Julio R. %A Hale, Stephen %A Harmon, Mark E. %A Harte, John %A Haskins, Gary %A Henshaw, Donald L. %A Hermanutz, Luise %A Hidalgo, Pamela %A Higuchi, Pedro %A Hoey, Andrew %A Van Hoey, Gert %A Hofgaard, Annika %A Holeck, Kristen %A Hollister, Robert D. %A Holmes, Richard %A Hoogenboom, Mia %A Hsieh, Chih-hao %A Hubbell, Stephen P. %A Huettmann, Falk %A Huffard, Christine L. %A Hurlbert, Allen H. %A Ivanauskas, Natália Macedo %A Janík, David %A Jandt, Ute %A Jażdżewska, Anna %A Johannessen, Tore %A Johnstone, Jill %A Jones, Julia %A Jones, Faith A. M. %A Kang, Jungwon %A Kartawijaya, Tasrif %A Keeley, Erin C. %A Kelt, Douglas A. %A Kinnear, Rebecca %A Klanderud, Kari %A Knutsen, Halvor %A Koenig, Christopher C. %A Kortz, Alessandra R. %A Král, Kamil %A Kuhnz, Linda A. %A Kuo, Chao-Yang %A Kushner, David J. %A Laguionie‐Marchais, Claire %A Lancaster, Lesley T %A Lee, Cheol Min %A Lefcheck, Jonathan S. %A Lévesque, Esther %A Lightfoot, David %A Lloret, Francisco %A Lloyd, John D. %A López‐Baucells, Adrià %A Louzao, Maite %A Madin, Joshua S. %A Magnússon, Borgþór %A Malamud, Shahar %A Matthews, Iain %A McFarland, Kent P. %A McGill, Brian %A McKnight, Diane %A McLarney, William O. %A Meador, Jason %A Meserve, Peter L. %A Metcalfe, Daniel J. %A Meyer, Christoph F. J. %A Michelsen, Anders %A Milchakova, Nataliya %A Moens, Tom %A Moland, Even %A Moore, Jon %A Moreira, Carolina Mathias %A Müller, Jörg %A Murphy, Grace %A Myers‐Smith, Isla H. %A Myster, Randall W. %A Naumov, Andrew %A Neat, Francis %A Nelson, James A. %A Nelson, Michael Paul %A Newton, Stephen F. %A Norden, Natalia %A Oliver, Jeffrey C. %A Olsen, Esben M. %A Onipchenko, Vladimir G. %A Pabis, Krzysztof %A Pabst, Robert J. %A Paquette, Alain %A Pardede, Sinta %A Paterson, David M. %A Pélissier, Raphaël %A Peñuelas, Josep %A Pérez‐Matus, Alejandro %A Pizarro, Oscar %A Pomati, Francesco %A Post, Eric %A Prins, Herbert H. T. %A Priscu, John C. %A Provoost, Pieter %A Prudic, Kathleen L. %A Pulliainen, Erkki %A Ramesh, B. R. %A Ramos, Olivia Mendivil %A Rassweiler, Andrew %A Rebelo, Jose Eduardo %A Reed, Daniel C. %A Reich, Peter B. %A Remillard, Suzanne M. %A Richardson, Anthony J. %A Richardson, J. Paul %A van Rijn, Itai %A Rocha, Ricardo %A Rivera‐Monroy, Victor H. %A Rixen, Christian %A Robinson, Kevin P. %A Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro %A Rossa‐Feres, Denise d. C. %A Rudstam, Lars %A Ruhl, Henry %A Ruz, Catalina S. %A Sampaio, Erica M. %A Rybicki, Nancy %A Rypel, Andrew %A Sal, Sofia %A Salgado, Beatriz %A Santos, Flavio A. M. %A Savassi‐Coutinho, Ana Paula %A Scanga, Sara %A Schmidt, Jochen %A Schooley, Robert %A Setiawan, Fakhrizal %A Shao, Kwang‐Tsao %A Shaver, Gaius R. %A Sherman, Sally %A Sherry, Thomas W. %A Siciński, Jacek %A Sievers, Caya %A da Silva, Ana Carolina %A da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues %A Silveira, Fabio L. %A Slingsby, Jasper %A Smart, Tracey %A Snell, Sara J. %A Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. %A Souza, Gabriel B. G. %A Souza, Flaviana Maluf %A Souza, Vinícius Castro %A Stallings, Christopher D. %A Stanforth, Rowan %A Stanley, Emily H. %A Sterza, José Mauro %A Stevens, Maarten %A Stuart‐Smith, Rick %A Suarez, Yzel Rondon %A Supp, Sarah %A Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio %A Tarigan, Sukmaraharja %A Thiede, Gary P. %A Thorn, Simon %A Tolvanen, Anne %A Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani %A Totland, Ørjan %A Twilley, Robert R. %A Vaitkus, Gediminas %A Valdivia, Nelson %A Vallejo, Martha Isabel %A Valone, Thomas J. %A Van Colen, Carl %A Vanaverbeke, Jan %A Venturoli, Fabio %A Verheye, Hans M. %A Vianna, Marcelo %A Vieira, Rui P. %A Vrška, Tomáš %A Vu, Con Quang %A Vu, Lien Van %A Waide, Robert B. %A Waldock, Conor %A Watts, Dave %A Webb, Sara %A Wesołowski, Tomasz %A White, Ethan P. %A Widdicombe, Claire E. %A Wilgers, Dustin %A Williams, Richard %A Williams, Stefan B. %A Williamson, Mark %A Willig, Michael R. %A Willis, Trevor J. %A Wipf, Sonja %A Woods, Kerry D. %A Woehler, Eric J. %A Zawada, Kyle %A Zettler, Michael L. %D 2018 %J Global Ecology and Biogeography %N 7 %R 10.1111/geb.12729 %T BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.12729 %V 27 %X Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain: BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.
• Georgiev, Kostadin B. ; Thorn, Simon ; Zlatanov, Tzvetan ; Nikolov, Boris P. ; Shurulinkov, Peter ; Daskalova, Girgina ; Gottschalk, Thomas K.: Evaluating the importance of managed forests as habitat for the Semi-collared Flycatcher (Ficedula semitorquata). In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 419-420, Elsevier BV (2018), pp. 123-129
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{georgiev2018evaluating, abstract = {Intensive forest management has caused a decline in the numbers of birds specialized on old growth. Understanding how forest stand attributes influence the distribution of these specialists has hence become a prerequisite for sustainable forest management. In this study, we evaluated the conservation value of managed forests for old-growth forest specialists using the poorly studied Semi-collared Flycatcher as an example. We applied a boosted generalized additive model to identify forest characteristics that determine the occurrence of the bird in Bulgaria. We found that on a national scale, forest stand age and percent cover of broad-leaved forests best explain the breeding distribution of the flycatcher. Although, forest stands became suitable habitat at an age of around 70 years for this species, stands in the interior forest featuring trees older than 160 years and composed of more than 80% broad-leaved trees were preferred by the species. At a local scale, the amount of dead wood positively influenced nest site choice of the flycatcher. In total, 22.3% of all studied broad-leaved forests in Bulgaria showed a predicted habitat suitability higher than 50%. High-stem forests that are old enough to develop old-growth characteristics had the highest potential to serve as habitat for the Semi-collared Flycatcher in Bulgaria. Therefore, we conclude that a decrease in logging of forests stands older than 160 years decreases the risk of decline of the Semi-collared Flycatcher.}, author = {Georgiev, Kostadin B. and Thorn, Simon and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Nikolov, Boris P. and Shurulinkov, Peter and Daskalova, Girgina and Gottschalk, Thomas K.}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {Bulgaria componentwiseboosting forest forestage management myown oldgrowth speciesdistributionmodeling}, month = {jul}, pages = {123-129}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Evaluating the importance of managed forests as habitat for the Semi-collared Flycatcher (Ficedula semitorquata)}, volume = {419-420}, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 georgiev2018evaluating %A Georgiev, Kostadin B. %A Thorn, Simon %A Zlatanov, Tzvetan %A Nikolov, Boris P. %A Shurulinkov, Peter %A Daskalova, Girgina %A Gottschalk, Thomas K. %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 123-129 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.041 %T Evaluating the importance of managed forests as habitat for the Semi-collared Flycatcher (Ficedula semitorquata) %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2018.03.041 %V 419-420 %X Intensive forest management has caused a decline in the numbers of birds specialized on old growth. Understanding how forest stand attributes influence the distribution of these specialists has hence become a prerequisite for sustainable forest management. In this study, we evaluated the conservation value of managed forests for old-growth forest specialists using the poorly studied Semi-collared Flycatcher as an example. We applied a boosted generalized additive model to identify forest characteristics that determine the occurrence of the bird in Bulgaria. We found that on a national scale, forest stand age and percent cover of broad-leaved forests best explain the breeding distribution of the flycatcher. Although, forest stands became suitable habitat at an age of around 70 years for this species, stands in the interior forest featuring trees older than 160 years and composed of more than 80% broad-leaved trees were preferred by the species. At a local scale, the amount of dead wood positively influenced nest site choice of the flycatcher. In total, 22.3% of all studied broad-leaved forests in Bulgaria showed a predicted habitat suitability higher than 50%. High-stem forests that are old enough to develop old-growth characteristics had the highest potential to serve as habitat for the Semi-collared Flycatcher in Bulgaria. Therefore, we conclude that a decrease in logging of forests stands older than 160 years decreases the risk of decline of the Semi-collared Flycatcher.
• Hilmers, Torben ; Friess, Nicolas ; Bässler, Claus ; Heurich, Marco ; Brandl, Roland ; Pretzsch, Hans ; Seidl, Rupert ; Müller, Jörg: Biodiversity along temperate forest succession. In: Butt, N. (ed.) Journal of Applied Ecology vol. 55, Wiley (2018), Nr. 6, pp. 2756-2766
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{hilmers2018biodiversity, abstract = {1. The successional dynamics of forests—from canopy openings to regeneration, maturation, and decay-influence the amount and heterogeneity of resources available for forest-­dwelling organisms. Conservation has largely focused only on selected stages of forest succession (e.g., late-­seral stages). However, to develop comprehensive conservation strategies and to understand the impact of forest management on biodiversity, a quantitative understanding of how different trophic groups vary over the course of succession is needed. 2. We classified mixed mountain forests in Central Europe into nine successional stages using airborne LiDAR. We analysed α-­ and β-­diversity of six trophic groups encompassing approximately 3,000 species from three kingdoms. We quantified the effect of successional stage on the number of species with and without con- trolling for species abundances and tested whether the data fit the more-individuals hypothesis or the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Furthermore, we analysed the similarity of assemblages along successional development. 3. The abundance of producers, first-­order consumers, and saprotrophic species showed a U-­shaped response to forest succession. The number of species of producer and consumer groups generally followed this U-­shaped pattern. In contrast to our expectation, the number of saprotrophic species did not change along succession. When we controlled for the effect of abundance, the number of producer and saproxylic beetle species increased linearly with forest succession, whereas the U-­shaped response of the number of consumer species persisted. The analysis of assemblages indicated a large contribution of succession-­mediated β-­diversity to regional γ-­diversity. 4. Synthesis and applications. Depending on the species group, our data supported both the more-individuals hypothesis and the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Our results highlight the strong influence of forest succession on biodiversity and underline the importance of controlling for successional dynamics when assessing biodiversity change in response to external drivers such as climate change. The successional stages with highest diversity (early and late successional stages) are currently strongly underrepresented in the forests of Central Europe. We thus recommend that conservation strategies aim at a more balanced representation of all successional stages.}, author = {Hilmers, Torben and Friess, Nicolas and Bässler, Claus and Heurich, Marco and Brandl, Roland and Pretzsch, Hans and Seidl, Rupert and Müller, Jörg}, editor = {Butt, Nathalie}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {Lidar betadiversity biodiversity forest forestdynamics forestsuccession habitatheterogeneity myown speciesdensity temperate}, month = {jul}, number = 6, pages = {2756-2766}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Biodiversity along temperate forest succession}, volume = 55, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 hilmers2018biodiversity %A Hilmers, Torben %A Friess, Nicolas %A Bässler, Claus %A Heurich, Marco %A Brandl, Roland %A Pretzsch, Hans %A Seidl, Rupert %A Müller, Jörg %D 2018 %E Butt, Nathalie %I Wiley %J Journal of Applied Ecology %N 6 %P 2756-2766 %R 10.1111/1365-2664.13238 %T Biodiversity along temperate forest succession %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13238 %V 55 %X 1. The successional dynamics of forests—from canopy openings to regeneration, maturation, and decay-influence the amount and heterogeneity of resources available for forest-­dwelling organisms. Conservation has largely focused only on selected stages of forest succession (e.g., late-­seral stages). However, to develop comprehensive conservation strategies and to understand the impact of forest management on biodiversity, a quantitative understanding of how different trophic groups vary over the course of succession is needed. 2. We classified mixed mountain forests in Central Europe into nine successional stages using airborne LiDAR. We analysed α-­ and β-­diversity of six trophic groups encompassing approximately 3,000 species from three kingdoms. We quantified the effect of successional stage on the number of species with and without con- trolling for species abundances and tested whether the data fit the more-individuals hypothesis or the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Furthermore, we analysed the similarity of assemblages along successional development. 3. The abundance of producers, first-­order consumers, and saprotrophic species showed a U-­shaped response to forest succession. The number of species of producer and consumer groups generally followed this U-­shaped pattern. In contrast to our expectation, the number of saprotrophic species did not change along succession. When we controlled for the effect of abundance, the number of producer and saproxylic beetle species increased linearly with forest succession, whereas the U-­shaped response of the number of consumer species persisted. The analysis of assemblages indicated a large contribution of succession-­mediated β-­diversity to regional γ-­diversity. 4. Synthesis and applications. Depending on the species group, our data supported both the more-individuals hypothesis and the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Our results highlight the strong influence of forest succession on biodiversity and underline the importance of controlling for successional dynamics when assessing biodiversity change in response to external drivers such as climate change. The successional stages with highest diversity (early and late successional stages) are currently strongly underrepresented in the forests of Central Europe. We thus recommend that conservation strategies aim at a more balanced representation of all successional stages.
• Komonen, A ; Müller, J: Dispersal ecology of deadwood organisms and connectivity conservation. In: Conserv Biol vol. 32 (2018), Nr. 3, pp. 535-545
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{komonen2018dispersal, abstract = {Limited knowledge of dispersal for most organisms hampers effective connectivity conservation in fragmented landscapes. In forest ecosystems, deadwood-dependent organisms (i.e., saproxylics) are negatively affected by forest management and degradation globally. We reviewed empirically established dispersal ecology of saproxylic insects and fungi. We focused on direct studies (e.g., mark-recapture, radiotelemetry), field experiments, and population genetic analyses. We found 2 somewhat opposite results. Based on direct methods and experiments, dispersal is limited to within a few kilometers, whereas genetic studies showed little genetic structure over tens of kilometers, which indicates long-distance dispersal. The extent of direct dispersal studies and field experiments was small and thus these studies could not have detected long-distance dispersal. Particularly for fungi, more studies at management-relevant scales (1-10 km) are needed. Genetic researchers used outdated markers, investigated few loci, and faced the inherent difficulties of inferring dispersal from genetic population structure. Although there were systematic and species-specific differences in dispersal ability (fungi are better dispersers than insects), it seems that for both groups colonization and establishment, not dispersal per se, are limiting their occurrence at management-relevant scales. Because most studies were on forest landscapes in Europe, particularly the boreal region, more data are needed from nonforested landscapes in which fragmentation effects are likely to be more pronounced. Given the potential for long-distance dispersal and the logical necessity of habitat area being a more fundamental landscape attribute than the spatial arrangement of habitat patches (i.e., connectivity sensu strict), retaining high-quality deadwood habitat is more important for saproxylic insects and fungi than explicit connectivity conservation in many cases.}, author = {Komonen, A and Müller, J}, journal = {Conserv Biol}, keywords = {dispersal habitatamount habitatarea habitatquality management myown protectedarea saproxylic}, month = {06}, number = 3, pages = {535-545}, title = {Dispersal ecology of deadwood organisms and connectivity conservation}, volume = 32, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 komonen2018dispersal %A Komonen, A %A Müller, J %D 2018 %J Conserv Biol %N 3 %P 535-545 %R 10.1111/cobi.13087 %T Dispersal ecology of deadwood organisms and connectivity conservation %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388249 %V 32 %X Limited knowledge of dispersal for most organisms hampers effective connectivity conservation in fragmented landscapes. In forest ecosystems, deadwood-dependent organisms (i.e., saproxylics) are negatively affected by forest management and degradation globally. We reviewed empirically established dispersal ecology of saproxylic insects and fungi. We focused on direct studies (e.g., mark-recapture, radiotelemetry), field experiments, and population genetic analyses. We found 2 somewhat opposite results. Based on direct methods and experiments, dispersal is limited to within a few kilometers, whereas genetic studies showed little genetic structure over tens of kilometers, which indicates long-distance dispersal. The extent of direct dispersal studies and field experiments was small and thus these studies could not have detected long-distance dispersal. Particularly for fungi, more studies at management-relevant scales (1-10 km) are needed. Genetic researchers used outdated markers, investigated few loci, and faced the inherent difficulties of inferring dispersal from genetic population structure. Although there were systematic and species-specific differences in dispersal ability (fungi are better dispersers than insects), it seems that for both groups colonization and establishment, not dispersal per se, are limiting their occurrence at management-relevant scales. Because most studies were on forest landscapes in Europe, particularly the boreal region, more data are needed from nonforested landscapes in which fragmentation effects are likely to be more pronounced. Given the potential for long-distance dispersal and the logical necessity of habitat area being a more fundamental landscape attribute than the spatial arrangement of habitat patches (i.e., connectivity sensu strict), retaining high-quality deadwood habitat is more important for saproxylic insects and fungi than explicit connectivity conservation in many cases.
• Kim, Ho Gul ; Park, Chan ; Lee, Dong Kun ; Park, Jin Han ; Bae, Soyeon: Habitats Suitability Analysis for Establishing Conservation Area of Siheung-si. In: Journal of Korea Planning Association vol. 53, Korea Planners Association (2018), Nr. 3, p. 161--175
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Kim_2018, author = {Kim, Ho Gul and Park, Chan and Lee, Dong Kun and Park, Jin Han and Bae, Soyeon}, journal = {Journal of Korea Planning Association}, keywords = {myown}, month = {jun}, number = 3, pages = {161&ndash;175}, publisher = {Korea Planners Association}, title = {Habitats Suitability Analysis for Establishing Conservation Area of Siheung-si}, volume = 53, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Kim_2018 %A Kim, Ho Gul %A Park, Chan %A Lee, Dong Kun %A Park, Jin Han %A Bae, Soyeon %D 2018 %I Korea Planners Association %J Journal of Korea Planning Association %N 3 %P 161--175 %R 10.17208/jkpa.2018.06.53.3.161 %T Habitats Suitability Analysis for Establishing Conservation Area of Siheung-si %U https://doi.org/10.17208%2Fjkpa.2018.06.53.3.161 %V 53
• Zytynska, Sharon E. ; Doerfler, Inken ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Sturm, Sarah ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Müller, Jörg: Minimal effects on genetic structuring of a fungus-dwelling saproxylic beetle after recolonisation of a restored forest. In: Li, J. -T. (ed.) Journal of Applied Ecology vol. 55, Wiley (2018), Nr. 6, pp. 2933-2943
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{zytynska2018minimal, abstract = {1. Habitat restoration aims to improve local habitat conditions for threatened species. While such restorations are widespread, rigorous evaluations of their success are rare. This is especially true of those considering species dynamics. Increasingly, deadwood is a target for forest restoration as many species directly and indirectly depend on this resource. 2. In a broadleaf forest in southern Germany, we explored the effect of landscape‐wide deadwood restoration on the population genetic structure of the specialist fungus‐dwelling saproxylic beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus. Before 2003, the northern area of this forest was intensively logged for more than half a century, while the southern part was less intensively managed. This drove populations of the host fungus Fomes fomentarius, and consequently the beetle, to local extinction in the northern part. Only after the first decade of restoration were both the fungus and its beetles present across all areas of the forest. 3. Using 17 newly developed microsatellite loci, we show that these beetles exhibit population genetic structuring, mainly influenced by the north‐south divide. However, the low degree of isolation‐by‐distance, and the low relatedness of beetles collected from the same trees or fungus, shows that strong dispersal ability is facilitating the recolonisation of these forests on the scale of tens of kilometers. In another 10 years, it is likely that the population will show even less genetic structuring. 4. Synthesis and applications. Through the recolonisation of the fungus Fomes fomentarius and the fungus‐dwelling beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus after deadwood restoration, we demonstrate that, while there are many discussions on the optimal spatial distribution of deadwood, just the presence of deadwood can be sufficient to enable recolonisations of specific species. As long as some relict populations of these species are embedded in a once intensively managed forest, increased deadwood (amount and diversity) anywhere will benefit recolonisation of the habitat. However, increasing deadwood diversity should also be encouraged to benefit even more species.}, author = {Zytynska, Sharon E. and Doerfler, Inken and Gossner, Martin M. and Sturm, Sarah and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Müller, Jörg}, editor = {Li, Jin-Tian}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {conservation deadwood forest fungi microsatellites myown planning populationgenetics}, month = {apr}, number = 6, pages = {2933-2943}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Minimal effects on genetic structuring of a fungus-dwelling saproxylic beetle after recolonisation of a restored forest}, volume = 55, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 zytynska2018minimal %A Zytynska, Sharon E. %A Doerfler, Inken %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Sturm, Sarah %A Weisser, Wolfgang W. %A Müller, Jörg %D 2018 %E Li, Jin-Tian %I Wiley %J Journal of Applied Ecology %N 6 %P 2933-2943 %R 10.1111/1365-2664.13160 %T Minimal effects on genetic structuring of a fungus-dwelling saproxylic beetle after recolonisation of a restored forest %U https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13160 %V 55 %X 1. Habitat restoration aims to improve local habitat conditions for threatened species. While such restorations are widespread, rigorous evaluations of their success are rare. This is especially true of those considering species dynamics. Increasingly, deadwood is a target for forest restoration as many species directly and indirectly depend on this resource. 2. In a broadleaf forest in southern Germany, we explored the effect of landscape‐wide deadwood restoration on the population genetic structure of the specialist fungus‐dwelling saproxylic beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus. Before 2003, the northern area of this forest was intensively logged for more than half a century, while the southern part was less intensively managed. This drove populations of the host fungus Fomes fomentarius, and consequently the beetle, to local extinction in the northern part. Only after the first decade of restoration were both the fungus and its beetles present across all areas of the forest. 3. Using 17 newly developed microsatellite loci, we show that these beetles exhibit population genetic structuring, mainly influenced by the north‐south divide. However, the low degree of isolation‐by‐distance, and the low relatedness of beetles collected from the same trees or fungus, shows that strong dispersal ability is facilitating the recolonisation of these forests on the scale of tens of kilometers. In another 10 years, it is likely that the population will show even less genetic structuring. 4. Synthesis and applications. Through the recolonisation of the fungus Fomes fomentarius and the fungus‐dwelling beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus after deadwood restoration, we demonstrate that, while there are many discussions on the optimal spatial distribution of deadwood, just the presence of deadwood can be sufficient to enable recolonisations of specific species. As long as some relict populations of these species are embedded in a once intensively managed forest, increased deadwood (amount and diversity) anywhere will benefit recolonisation of the habitat. However, increasing deadwood diversity should also be encouraged to benefit even more species.
• Bernes, Claes ; Macura, Biljana ; Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar ; Junninen, Kaisa ; Müller, Jörg ; Sandström, Jennie ; Lohmus, Asko ; Macdonald, Ellen: Manipulating ungulate herbivory in temperate and boreal forests: effects on vegetation and invertebrates. A systematic review. In: Environmental Evidence vol. 7 (2018), Nr. 13
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{bernes2018manipulating, author = {Bernes, Claes and Macura, Biljana and Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar and Junninen, Kaisa and Müller, Jörg and Sandström, Jennie and Lohmus, Asko and Macdonald, Ellen}, journal = {Environmental Evidence}, keywords = {biodiversity deer forestconservation forestrestoration forestsetaside herbivory livestock myown naturalregeneration silvopastoralsystem woodpasture}, month = {apr}, number = 13, title = {Manipulating ungulate herbivory in temperate and boreal forests: effects on vegetation and invertebrates. A systematic review}, volume = 7, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 bernes2018manipulating %A Bernes, Claes %A Macura, Biljana %A Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar %A Junninen, Kaisa %A Müller, Jörg %A Sandström, Jennie %A Lohmus, Asko %A Macdonald, Ellen %D 2018 %J Environmental Evidence %N 13 %R 10.1186/s13750-018-0125-3 %T Manipulating ungulate herbivory in temperate and boreal forests: effects on vegetation and invertebrates. A systematic review %U https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13750-018-0125-3 %V 7
• Drag, Lukas ; Cizek, Lukas: Radio-Tracking Suggests High Dispersal Ability of the Great Capricorn Beetle (Cerambyx cerdo). In: Journal of Insect Behavior vol. 31 (2018), Nr. 2, pp. 138-143
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{drag2018radiotracking, abstract = {Dispersal ability is among the key factors affecting the survival of species in today's fragmented landscapes. One of the most straightforward methods to provide direct measures of animal dispersal is telemetry. Despite its merits, this method has rarely been used for saproxylic beetles. In this study, we examined dispersal ability of the Great Capricorn beetle Cerambyx cerdo (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an endangered veteran oak specialist. Using a radio-tracking approach, we tracked 26 individuals (15 males and 11 females) equipped with transmitters for 4 to 17 days (median 14). We observed no disturbance of movements or flight problems due to the transmitter. The daily probability of movement by an individual was 64{\%} and the longest displacement in one day was 1498 m for males and 1080 m for females. For 15{\%} of all individuals, the tracking distance covered was >2200 m. Our results indicate that C. cerdo individuals often move among trees over an area of several kilometres. Such findings contrast with previous results based on a mark-recapture study. The relatively high mobility of the species should be reflected in strategies aiming at its conservation.}, author = {Drag, Lukas and Cizek, Lukas}, journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior}, keywords = {coleoptera flight myown oak populationecology speciesprotection woodlands}, month = {mar}, number = 2, pages = {138-143}, title = {Radio-Tracking Suggests High Dispersal Ability of the Great Capricorn Beetle (Cerambyx cerdo)}, volume = 31, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 drag2018radiotracking %A Drag, Lukas %A Cizek, Lukas %D 2018 %J Journal of Insect Behavior %N 2 %P 138-143 %R 10.1007/s10905-018-9669-x %T Radio-Tracking Suggests High Dispersal Ability of the Great Capricorn Beetle (Cerambyx cerdo) %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-018-9669-x %V 31 %X Dispersal ability is among the key factors affecting the survival of species in today's fragmented landscapes. One of the most straightforward methods to provide direct measures of animal dispersal is telemetry. Despite its merits, this method has rarely been used for saproxylic beetles. In this study, we examined dispersal ability of the Great Capricorn beetle Cerambyx cerdo (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an endangered veteran oak specialist. Using a radio-tracking approach, we tracked 26 individuals (15 males and 11 females) equipped with transmitters for 4 to 17 days (median 14). We observed no disturbance of movements or flight problems due to the transmitter. The daily probability of movement by an individual was 64% and the longest displacement in one day was 1498 m for males and 1080 m for females. For 15% of all individuals, the tracking distance covered was >2200 m. Our results indicate that C. cerdo individuals often move among trees over an area of several kilometres. Such findings contrast with previous results based on a mark-recapture study. The relatively high mobility of the species should be reflected in strategies aiming at its conservation.
• Habel, Jan Christian ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Ulrich, Werner ; Schmitt, Thomas: Seasonality overrides differences in butterfly species composition between natural and anthropogenic forest habitats. In: Animal Conservation vol. 21 (2018), Nr. 5, pp. 405-413
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  @article{habel2018seasonality, abstract = {Anthropogenic disturbances that alter habitat structures can lead to strong changes in species composition. The importance of certain habitat features for structuring species composition, however, may be determined by the availability of resources that can seasonally fluctuate. The Kenyan Arabuko Sokoke coastal forest consists of three pristine forest types and provides various anthropogenic forest-like habitats, such as plantations and transition zones between forest and agricultural land. In parallel, this region experiences pronounced climatic seasonality which causes differences in resource availability. To test for potential differences in butterfly communities between natural and anthropogenic forest habitats, and whether they vary seasonally, we assessed butterfly species along transects in all five habitat types during the rainy and the consecutive dry season. We compiled ecological characteristics for each transect and for each butterfly species. We found highest species richness and abundances in the three natural forest habitats during the rainy season. Our data show distinct species clusters for each habitat type during the rainy season. In contrast, butterfly species composition does not form distinct community groups during the dry season. During this time period, highest species richness and abundances are found in plantations. These temporal differences in species richness, abundance and species composition between the two seasons are assumed to be driven by limited nectar availability inside of the forest during the dry season. This situation might lead to increased mobility and the invasion of anthropogenic habitats, where nectar sources are still available during the dry season. Thus, plantations might represent a surrogate habitat for forest butterflies during their imaginal stage, but do not represent a suitable habitat providing all resources needed for successful larval development.}, author = {Habel, Jan Christian and Seibold, Sebastian and Ulrich, Werner and Schmitt, Thomas}, journal = {Animal Conservation}, keywords = {assembly butterlies disturbance ecologicaldemands endemicity habitatquality myown resourceavailability surrogatehabitat}, month = {mar}, number = 5, pages = {405-413}, title = {Seasonality overrides differences in butterfly species composition between natural and anthropogenic forest habitats}, volume = 21, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 habel2018seasonality %A Habel, Jan Christian %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Ulrich, Werner %A Schmitt, Thomas %D 2018 %J Animal Conservation %N 5 %P 405-413 %R 10.1111/acv.12408 %T Seasonality overrides differences in butterfly species composition between natural and anthropogenic forest habitats %V 21 %X Anthropogenic disturbances that alter habitat structures can lead to strong changes in species composition. The importance of certain habitat features for structuring species composition, however, may be determined by the availability of resources that can seasonally fluctuate. The Kenyan Arabuko Sokoke coastal forest consists of three pristine forest types and provides various anthropogenic forest-like habitats, such as plantations and transition zones between forest and agricultural land. In parallel, this region experiences pronounced climatic seasonality which causes differences in resource availability. To test for potential differences in butterfly communities between natural and anthropogenic forest habitats, and whether they vary seasonally, we assessed butterfly species along transects in all five habitat types during the rainy and the consecutive dry season. We compiled ecological characteristics for each transect and for each butterfly species. We found highest species richness and abundances in the three natural forest habitats during the rainy season. Our data show distinct species clusters for each habitat type during the rainy season. In contrast, butterfly species composition does not form distinct community groups during the dry season. During this time period, highest species richness and abundances are found in plantations. These temporal differences in species richness, abundance and species composition between the two seasons are assumed to be driven by limited nectar availability inside of the forest during the dry season. This situation might lead to increased mobility and the invasion of anthropogenic habitats, where nectar sources are still available during the dry season. Thus, plantations might represent a surrogate habitat for forest butterflies during their imaginal stage, but do not represent a suitable habitat providing all resources needed for successful larval development.
• Müller, Jörg ; Noss, Reed F. ; Thorn, Simon ; Bässler, Claus ; Leverkus, Alexandro B. ; Lindenmayer, David: Increasing disturbance demands new policies to conserve intact forest. In: Game, E. T. (ed.) Conservation Letters vol. 12 (2018), Nr. 1
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  @article{müller2018increasing, abstract = {Ongoing controversy over logging the ancient Białowieża Forest in Poland symbolizes a global problem for policies and management of the increasing proportion of the earth’s intact forest that is subject to post-disturbance logging. We review the extent of, and motivations for, post-disturbance logging in protected and unprotected forests globally. An unprecedented level of logging in protected areas and other places where green-tree harvest would not normally occur is driven by economic interests and a desire for pest control. To avoid failure of global initiatives dedicated to reducing the loss of species, five key policy reforms are necessary: (1) salvage logging must be banned from protected areas; (2) forest planning should address altered disturbance regimes for all intact forests to ensure that significant areas remain undisturbed by logging; (3) new kinds of integrated analyses are needed to assess the potential economic benefits of salvage logging against its ecological, economic, and social costs; (4) global and regional maps of natural disturbance regimes should be created to guide better spatio-temporal planning of protected areas and undisturbed forests outside reserves; and (5) improved education and communication programs are needed to correct widely-held misconceptions about natural disturbances.}, author = {Müller, Jörg and Noss, Reed F. and Thorn, Simon and Bässler, Claus and Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Lindenmayer, David}, editor = {Game, Edward T.}, journal = {Conservation Letters}, keywords = {FSC anthropogenicdisturbance forestry myown naturaldisturbance protectedareamanagement sanitarylogging}, month = {mar}, number = 1, title = {Increasing disturbance demands new policies to conserve intact forest}, volume = 12, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 müller2018increasing %A Müller, Jörg %A Noss, Reed F. %A Thorn, Simon %A Bässler, Claus %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Lindenmayer, David %D 2018 %E Game, Edward T. %J Conservation Letters %N 1 %R 10.1111/conl.12449 %T Increasing disturbance demands new policies to conserve intact forest %U https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/conl.12449 %V 12 %X Ongoing controversy over logging the ancient Białowieża Forest in Poland symbolizes a global problem for policies and management of the increasing proportion of the earth’s intact forest that is subject to post-disturbance logging. We review the extent of, and motivations for, post-disturbance logging in protected and unprotected forests globally. An unprecedented level of logging in protected areas and other places where green-tree harvest would not normally occur is driven by economic interests and a desire for pest control. To avoid failure of global initiatives dedicated to reducing the loss of species, five key policy reforms are necessary: (1) salvage logging must be banned from protected areas; (2) forest planning should address altered disturbance regimes for all intact forests to ensure that significant areas remain undisturbed by logging; (3) new kinds of integrated analyses are needed to assess the potential economic benefits of salvage logging against its ecological, economic, and social costs; (4) global and regional maps of natural disturbance regimes should be created to guide better spatio-temporal planning of protected areas and undisturbed forests outside reserves; and (5) improved education and communication programs are needed to correct widely-held misconceptions about natural disturbances.
• Schauer, Bastian ; Steinbauer, Manuel J. ; Vailshery, Lionel S. ; Müller, Jörg ; Feldhaar, Heike ; Obermaier, Elisabeth: Influence of tree hollow characteristics on saproxylic beetle diversity in a managed forest. In: Biodiversity and Conservation vol. 27 (2018), Nr. 4, pp. 853-869
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  @article{schauer2018influence, abstract = {Tree hollows are key structures in forest ecosystems constituting long-lasting habitats and nutritional resources for many saproxylic arthropod species. Due to diverse microhabitat structures and conditions in tree hollows, they can support a broad range of species. However, in the past intensive management practices in parts of Europe reduced the abundance of tree hollows, resulting in a decrease and endangerment of species specialised in this tree habitat. We investigated 40 beech trees with hollows in 2014 and a subset of 23 of these trees in 2015 in a managed forest landscape in Germany. Using emergence traps we collected 89 beetle species of which 33{\%} were on the Bavarian Red List. We described the tree characteristics, physical hollow characteristics, and their surrounding environment investigating their influence on $\alpha$-diversity of non-Red List and Red List species. Furthermore, we investigated spatial (between tree hollows) and temporal (same tree hollow but different years) $\beta$-diversity, considering the importance of turnover and nestedness components on $\beta$-diversity. $\alpha$-Diversity decreased with increasing decomposition of wood mould and increased with increasing area of hollow entrance in both years. Additional characteristics differed between years and between non-Red List and Red List species. $\beta$-Diversity was related to diameter at breast height, number of surrounding tree hollows, area of hollow entrance and a temperature gradient. We found a higher species turnover than nestedness between tree hollows and between years, indicating highly dynamic beetle communities spatially as well as temporally. To support and maintain the diversity of saproxylic beetles inhabiting tree hollows, the heterogeneity of microhabitats is important and should be supported by maintaining the diversity of differently structured and sized tree hollows.}, author = {Schauer, Bastian and Steinbauer, Manuel J. and Vailshery, Lionel S. and M{ü}ller, J{ö}rg and Feldhaar, Heike and Obermaier, Elisabeth}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, keywords = {coleoptera conservation deadwood keystonestructure myown threatenedspecies woodmould}, month = {mar}, number = 4, pages = {853-869}, title = {Influence of tree hollow characteristics on saproxylic beetle diversity in a managed forest}, volume = 27, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 schauer2018influence %A Schauer, Bastian %A Steinbauer, Manuel J. %A Vailshery, Lionel S. %A Müller, Jörg %A Feldhaar, Heike %A Obermaier, Elisabeth %D 2018 %J Biodiversity and Conservation %N 4 %P 853-869 %R 10.1007/s10531-017-1467-9 %T Influence of tree hollow characteristics on saproxylic beetle diversity in a managed forest %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1467-9 %V 27 %X Tree hollows are key structures in forest ecosystems constituting long-lasting habitats and nutritional resources for many saproxylic arthropod species. Due to diverse microhabitat structures and conditions in tree hollows, they can support a broad range of species. However, in the past intensive management practices in parts of Europe reduced the abundance of tree hollows, resulting in a decrease and endangerment of species specialised in this tree habitat. We investigated 40 beech trees with hollows in 2014 and a subset of 23 of these trees in 2015 in a managed forest landscape in Germany. Using emergence traps we collected 89 beetle species of which 33% were on the Bavarian Red List. We described the tree characteristics, physical hollow characteristics, and their surrounding environment investigating their influence on \($\alpha$\)-diversity of non-Red List and Red List species. Furthermore, we investigated spatial (between tree hollows) and temporal (same tree hollow but different years) \($\beta$\)-diversity, considering the importance of turnover and nestedness components on \($\beta$\)-diversity. \($\alpha$\)-Diversity decreased with increasing decomposition of wood mould and increased with increasing area of hollow entrance in both years. Additional characteristics differed between years and between non-Red List and Red List species. \($\beta$\)-Diversity was related to diameter at breast height, number of surrounding tree hollows, area of hollow entrance and a temperature gradient. We found a higher species turnover than nestedness between tree hollows and between years, indicating highly dynamic beetle communities spatially as well as temporally. To support and maintain the diversity of saproxylic beetles inhabiting tree hollows, the heterogeneity of microhabitats is important and should be supported by maintaining the diversity of differently structured and sized tree hollows.
• Krah, Franz-Sebastian ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Brandl, Roland ; Baldrian, Petr ; Müller, Jörg ; Bässler, Claus: Independent effects of host and environment on the diversity of wood‐inhabiting fungi. In: Journal of Ecology vol. 106 (2018), Nr. 4, pp. 1428-1442
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  @article{krah2018independent, abstract = {1. Dead wood is a habitat for numerous fungal species, many of which are important agents of decomposition. Previous studies suggested that wood-inhabiting fungal communities are affected by climate, availability of dead wood in the surrounding landscape and characteristics of the colonized dead-wood object (e.g. host tree species). These findings indicate that different filters structure fungal communities at different scales, but how these factors individually drive fungal fruiting diversity on dead-wood objects is unknown. 2. We conducted an orthogonal experiment comprising 180 plots (0.1 ha) in a random block design and measured fungal fruit body richness and community composition on 720 dead-wood objects over the first 4 years of succession. The experiment allowed us to disentangle the effects of the host (beech and fir; logs and branches) and the environment (microclimate: sunny and shady plots; local dead wood: amount and heterogeneity of dead wood added to plot). 3. Variance partitioning revealed that the host was more important than the environment for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi. A more detailed model revealed that host tree species had the highest independent effect on richness and community composition of fruiting species of fungi. Host size had significant but low independent effects on richness and community composition of fruiting species. Canopy openness significantly affected the community composition of fruiting species. By contrast, neither local amount nor heterogeneity of dead wood significantly affected the fungal diversity measures. 4. Synthesis. Our study identified host tree species as a more important driver of the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi than the environment, which suggests a host-centred filter of this diversity in the early phase of the decomposition process. For the conservation of wood-inhabiting fungi, a high variety of host species in various microclimates is more important than the availability of dead wood at the stand level.}, author = {Krah, Franz-Sebastian and Seibold, Sebastian and Brandl, Roland and Baldrian, Petr and Müller, Jörg and Bässler, Claus}, journal = {Journal of Ecology}, keywords = {deadwood deadwoodamount hostspecies microclimate myown stand temperateforest woodinhabitingfungi}, month = {feb}, number = 4, pages = {1428-1442}, title = {Independent effects of host and environment on the diversity of wood‐inhabiting fungi}, volume = 106, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 krah2018independent %A Krah, Franz-Sebastian %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Brandl, Roland %A Baldrian, Petr %A Müller, Jörg %A Bässler, Claus %D 2018 %J Journal of Ecology %N 4 %P 1428-1442 %R 10.1111/1365-2745.12939 %T Independent effects of host and environment on the diversity of wood‐inhabiting fungi %U https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12939 %V 106 %X 1. Dead wood is a habitat for numerous fungal species, many of which are important agents of decomposition. Previous studies suggested that wood-inhabiting fungal communities are affected by climate, availability of dead wood in the surrounding landscape and characteristics of the colonized dead-wood object (e.g. host tree species). These findings indicate that different filters structure fungal communities at different scales, but how these factors individually drive fungal fruiting diversity on dead-wood objects is unknown. 2. We conducted an orthogonal experiment comprising 180 plots (0.1 ha) in a random block design and measured fungal fruit body richness and community composition on 720 dead-wood objects over the first 4 years of succession. The experiment allowed us to disentangle the effects of the host (beech and fir; logs and branches) and the environment (microclimate: sunny and shady plots; local dead wood: amount and heterogeneity of dead wood added to plot). 3. Variance partitioning revealed that the host was more important than the environment for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi. A more detailed model revealed that host tree species had the highest independent effect on richness and community composition of fruiting species of fungi. Host size had significant but low independent effects on richness and community composition of fruiting species. Canopy openness significantly affected the community composition of fruiting species. By contrast, neither local amount nor heterogeneity of dead wood significantly affected the fungal diversity measures. 4. Synthesis. Our study identified host tree species as a more important driver of the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi than the environment, which suggests a host-centred filter of this diversity in the early phase of the decomposition process. For the conservation of wood-inhabiting fungi, a high variety of host species in various microclimates is more important than the availability of dead wood at the stand level.
• Eckelt, Andreas ; Müller, Jörg ; Bense, Ulrich ; Brustel, Hervé ; Bußler, Heinz ; Chittaro, Yannick ; Cizek, Lukas ; Frei, Adrienne ; Holzer, Erwin ; et al.: ``Primeval forest relict beetles'' of Central Europe: a set of 168 umbrella species for the protection of primeval forest remnants. In: Journal of Insect Conservation vol. 22 (2018), Nr. 1, pp. 15-28
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  @article{Eckelt2018, abstract = {Identification of forest stands with priority for the conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance in landscapes with a long cultural and agricultural history, such as Central Europe. A group of species with a high indicator value for the naturalness of forest ecosystems are saproxylic insects. Some of these species, especially within the order Coleoptera, have been described as primeval forests relicts. Here, we compiled a list of 168 ``primeval forest relict species'' of saproxylic beetles based on expert knowledge. These species can serve as focal and umbrella species for forest conservation in Central Europe. They were selected because of their dependence on the continuous presence of primeval forest habitat features, such as over-mature trees, high amounts of dead wood, and dead wood diversity, as well as their absence in managed Central European forests. These primeval forest relict species showed a moderately strong clumping pattern within the phylogeny of beetles, as indicated by phylogenetic signal testing using the D-statistic. When we controlled for phylogenetic relatedness, an ordinal linear model revealed that large body size and preference for dead wood and trees of large diameter are the main characteristics of these species. This list of species can be used to identify forest stands of conservation value throughout Central Europe, to prioritize conservation and to raise public awareness for conservation issues related to primeval forests.}, author = {Eckelt, Andreas and M{ü}ller, J{ö}rg and Bense, Ulrich and Brustel, Herv{é} and Bußler, Heinz and Chittaro, Yannick and Cizek, Lukas and Frei, Adrienne and Holzer, Erwin and Kadej, Marcin and Kahlen, Manfred and K{ö}hler, Frank and M{ö}ller, Georg and M{ü}hle, Hans and Sanchez, Andreas and Schaffrath, Ulrich and Schmidl, J{ü}rgen and Smolis, Adrian and Szallies, Alexander and N{é}meth, Tam{á}s and Wurst, Claus and Thorn, Simon and Christensen, Rune Haubo Bojesen and Seibold, Sebastian}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, keywords = {beetles flagshipspecies forestconservation habitatcontinuity megatreecontinuity myown oldgrowth primevalforestrelicts saproxylic umbrellaspecies}, month = {feb}, number = 1, pages = {15-28}, title = {``Primeval forest relict beetles'' of Central Europe: a set of 168 umbrella species for the protection of primeval forest remnants}, volume = 22, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Eckelt2018 %A Eckelt, Andreas %A Müller, Jörg %A Bense, Ulrich %A Brustel, Hervé %A Bußler, Heinz %A Chittaro, Yannick %A Cizek, Lukas %A Frei, Adrienne %A Holzer, Erwin %A Kadej, Marcin %A Kahlen, Manfred %A Köhler, Frank %A Möller, Georg %A Mühle, Hans %A Sanchez, Andreas %A Schaffrath, Ulrich %A Schmidl, Jürgen %A Smolis, Adrian %A Szallies, Alexander %A Németh, Tamás %A Wurst, Claus %A Thorn, Simon %A Christensen, Rune Haubo Bojesen %A Seibold, Sebastian %D 2018 %J Journal of Insect Conservation %N 1 %P 15-28 %R 10.1007/s10841-017-0028-6 %T ``Primeval forest relict beetles'' of Central Europe: a set of 168 umbrella species for the protection of primeval forest remnants %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0028-6 %V 22 %X Identification of forest stands with priority for the conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance in landscapes with a long cultural and agricultural history, such as Central Europe. A group of species with a high indicator value for the naturalness of forest ecosystems are saproxylic insects. Some of these species, especially within the order Coleoptera, have been described as primeval forests relicts. Here, we compiled a list of 168 ``primeval forest relict species'' of saproxylic beetles based on expert knowledge. These species can serve as focal and umbrella species for forest conservation in Central Europe. They were selected because of their dependence on the continuous presence of primeval forest habitat features, such as over-mature trees, high amounts of dead wood, and dead wood diversity, as well as their absence in managed Central European forests. These primeval forest relict species showed a moderately strong clumping pattern within the phylogeny of beetles, as indicated by phylogenetic signal testing using the D-statistic. When we controlled for phylogenetic relatedness, an ordinal linear model revealed that large body size and preference for dead wood and trees of large diameter are the main characteristics of these species. This list of species can be used to identify forest stands of conservation value throughout Central Europe, to prioritize conservation and to raise public awareness for conservation issues related to primeval forests.
• Seibold, Sebastian ; Hagge, Jonas ; Müller, Jörg ; Gruppe, Axel ; Brandl, Roland ; Bässler, Claus ; Thorn, Simon: Experiments with dead wood reveal the importance of dead branches in the canopy for saproxylic beetle conservation. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 409, Elsevier BV (2018), pp. 564-570
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{seibold2018experiments, abstract = {Vertical gradients of habitats are a typical characteristic of forest ecosystems. Sun-exposed dead wood in the upper canopy, for instance, provides a habitat for saproxylic beetles distinct from that in the more shaded dead wood below the canopy. Canopy research, however, is challenging due to both the limited accessibility and potential confounding effects of temperature on trapping probability when activity traps are used. We studied saproxylic beetle assemblages along a complete vertical gradient without bias caused by temperature effects on activity. Using crane-like constructions attached to the top of large Silver Fir trees (Abies alba), we exposed bundles of freshly cut branches of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver Fir and Norway Spruce (Picea abies) in three different vertical strata (upper canopy, mid-canopy and near the ground). The bundles in the upper canopy were fully exposed to the sun and the bundles in the mid-canopy and near the ground were in the shade. We allowed beetles to colonize the bundles of branches for one growing period and then reared beetles from each bundle over three years. The species composition of saproxylic beetle assemblages differed between bundles in the upper canopy and near the ground; bundles in the mid-canopy had an intermediate assemblage composition. The abundance of saproxylic beetles was higher near the ground than in the upper canopy, whereas the number of species showed the opposite pattern. Overlapping confidence intervals of sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves for species diversity indicate that estimated gamma diversity per stratum is similar across the three strata. Our results support earlier studies that revealed the importance of habitat heterogeneity as a driver of the biodiversity of taxa associated with dead wood. As we controlled for wood diameter and tree species diversity, our study suggests that the microclimatic variability within dead wood – and thus habitat heterogeneity for saproxylic beetles – is higher in the upper canopy than near the ground. For biodiversity conservation in forests, our results support a strategy of enhancing the number of trees with microhabitats, particularly those with dead branches in the upper tree crown. Dead branches and standing dead trees should only be removed, e.g. for safety reasons, if no other option is available.}, author = {Seibold, Sebastian and Hagge, Jonas and Müller, Jörg and Gruppe, Axel and Brandl, Roland and Bässler, Claus and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {beetlerearing canopycrane coleoptera emergencetrap finewoodydebris myown}, month = {feb}, pages = {564-570}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Experiments with dead wood reveal the importance of dead branches in the canopy for saproxylic beetle conservation}, volume = 409, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 seibold2018experiments %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Hagge, Jonas %A Müller, Jörg %A Gruppe, Axel %A Brandl, Roland %A Bässler, Claus %A Thorn, Simon %D 2018 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 564-570 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.11.052 %T Experiments with dead wood reveal the importance of dead branches in the canopy for saproxylic beetle conservation %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2017.11.052 %V 409 %X Vertical gradients of habitats are a typical characteristic of forest ecosystems. Sun-exposed dead wood in the upper canopy, for instance, provides a habitat for saproxylic beetles distinct from that in the more shaded dead wood below the canopy. Canopy research, however, is challenging due to both the limited accessibility and potential confounding effects of temperature on trapping probability when activity traps are used. We studied saproxylic beetle assemblages along a complete vertical gradient without bias caused by temperature effects on activity. Using crane-like constructions attached to the top of large Silver Fir trees (Abies alba), we exposed bundles of freshly cut branches of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver Fir and Norway Spruce (Picea abies) in three different vertical strata (upper canopy, mid-canopy and near the ground). The bundles in the upper canopy were fully exposed to the sun and the bundles in the mid-canopy and near the ground were in the shade. We allowed beetles to colonize the bundles of branches for one growing period and then reared beetles from each bundle over three years. The species composition of saproxylic beetle assemblages differed between bundles in the upper canopy and near the ground; bundles in the mid-canopy had an intermediate assemblage composition. The abundance of saproxylic beetles was higher near the ground than in the upper canopy, whereas the number of species showed the opposite pattern. Overlapping confidence intervals of sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves for species diversity indicate that estimated gamma diversity per stratum is similar across the three strata. Our results support earlier studies that revealed the importance of habitat heterogeneity as a driver of the biodiversity of taxa associated with dead wood. As we controlled for wood diameter and tree species diversity, our study suggests that the microclimatic variability within dead wood – and thus habitat heterogeneity for saproxylic beetles – is higher in the upper canopy than near the ground. For biodiversity conservation in forests, our results support a strategy of enhancing the number of trees with microhabitats, particularly those with dead branches in the upper tree crown. Dead branches and standing dead trees should only be removed, e.g. for safety reasons, if no other option is available.
• Bauhus, Jürgen ; Baber, Kristin ; Müller, Jörg: Dead Wood in Forest Ecosystems, Oxford University Press (OUP) (2018)
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @misc{bauhus2018forest, author = {Bauhus, Jürgen and Baber, Kristin and Müller, Jörg}, keywords = {myown}, month = {feb}, publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})}, title = {Dead Wood in Forest Ecosystems}, year = 2018 }
  %0 Generic %1 bauhus2018forest %A Bauhus, Jürgen %A Baber, Kristin %A Müller, Jörg %D 2018 %I Oxford University Press (OUP) %R 10.1093/obo/9780199830060-0196 %T Dead Wood in Forest Ecosystems %U https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199830060-0196
• Heidrich, Lea ; Friess, Nicolas ; Fiedler, Konrad ; Brändle, Martin ; Hausmann, Axel ; Brandl, Roland ; Zeuss, Dirk: The dark side of Lepidoptera: Colour lightness of geometrid moths decreases with increasing latitude. In: Global Ecology and Biogeography vol. 27 (2018), Nr. 4, pp. 407-416
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{heidrich2018lepidoptera, abstract = {Aim: The observed decrease in insect colour lightness with increasing latitude has been explained in earlier macroecological studies by the increased solar absorption of dark coloration, which allows extended periods of activity. However, melanin-based dark coloration also protects against pathogens and ultraviolet radiation, which select for dark coloration at low latitudes where these selection pressures intensify. In nocturnal insects, the relative importance of these protective functions of dark coloration is expected to surpass thermoregulatory functions, as nocturnal species cannot benefit from extended periods of activity during the daytime. Hence, we expected that diurnal and nocturnal insects show contrasting geographical patterns of colour lightness. We tested these predictions using geometrid moths, which comprise both diurnal and nocturnal species. Location: Western Palearctic. Time period: Contemporary. Major taxa studied: Geometridae (Lepidoptera). Methods: We used digital image analysis to assess the colour lightness of 637 species, compiled their distribution across 3,777 grid cells of 50 km 3 50 km and calculated the assemblage-based average colour lightness. We used multiple regressions, autoregressive error models and randomizations to test for relationships between colour lightness and environmental variables associated with the thermal environment, putative pathogen pressure and ultraviolet radiation. Results: We found a clear decrease in colour lightness of assemblages of both diurnal and nocturnal moth species with increasing latitude. In every model, solar radiation was the most important predictor of colour lightness; that is, colour lightness consistently increased with increasing solar radiation. Main conclusions: These results indicate that the thermal environment is the most influential climatic driver of insect colour lightness—independent of thermoregulatory strategy and nocturnal or diurnal activity. This challenges the view that extended periods of activity are the main selection pressure for geographical variation in insect colour lightness. Consequently, the relationship between insect colour lightness and the thermal environment might be more general than previously thought.}, author = {Heidrich, Lea and Friess, Nicolas and Fiedler, Konrad and Brändle, Martin and Hausmann, Axel and Brandl, Roland and Zeuss, Dirk}, journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography}, keywords = {coloration diurnalactivity insects macroecology myown nocturnalactivity pathogenresistance thermalmelanism ultravioletresistance}, month = {jan}, number = 4, pages = {407-416}, title = {The dark side of Lepidoptera: Colour lightness of geometrid moths decreases with increasing latitude}, volume = 27, year = 2018 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 heidrich2018lepidoptera %A Heidrich, Lea %A Friess, Nicolas %A Fiedler, Konrad %A Brändle, Martin %A Hausmann, Axel %A Brandl, Roland %A Zeuss, Dirk %D 2018 %J Global Ecology and Biogeography %N 4 %P 407-416 %R 10.1111/geb.12703 %T The dark side of Lepidoptera: Colour lightness of geometrid moths decreases with increasing latitude %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.12703 %V 27 %X Aim: The observed decrease in insect colour lightness with increasing latitude has been explained in earlier macroecological studies by the increased solar absorption of dark coloration, which allows extended periods of activity. However, melanin-based dark coloration also protects against pathogens and ultraviolet radiation, which select for dark coloration at low latitudes where these selection pressures intensify. In nocturnal insects, the relative importance of these protective functions of dark coloration is expected to surpass thermoregulatory functions, as nocturnal species cannot benefit from extended periods of activity during the daytime. Hence, we expected that diurnal and nocturnal insects show contrasting geographical patterns of colour lightness. We tested these predictions using geometrid moths, which comprise both diurnal and nocturnal species. Location: Western Palearctic. Time period: Contemporary. Major taxa studied: Geometridae (Lepidoptera). Methods: We used digital image analysis to assess the colour lightness of 637 species, compiled their distribution across 3,777 grid cells of 50 km 3 50 km and calculated the assemblage-based average colour lightness. We used multiple regressions, autoregressive error models and randomizations to test for relationships between colour lightness and environmental variables associated with the thermal environment, putative pathogen pressure and ultraviolet radiation. Results: We found a clear decrease in colour lightness of assemblages of both diurnal and nocturnal moth species with increasing latitude. In every model, solar radiation was the most important predictor of colour lightness; that is, colour lightness consistently increased with increasing solar radiation. Main conclusions: These results indicate that the thermal environment is the most influential climatic driver of insect colour lightness—independent of thermoregulatory strategy and nocturnal or diurnal activity. This challenges the view that extended periods of activity are the main selection pressure for geographical variation in insect colour lightness. Consequently, the relationship between insect colour lightness and the thermal environment might be more general than previously thought.

2017 [ to top ]

• Müller, Jörg ; Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro ; Thorn, Simon: Protect Irantextquoterights ancient forest from logging. In: Science vol. 355, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2017), Nr. 6328, p. 919--919
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{müller2017protect, author = {M{ü}ller, J{ö}rg and Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {myown}, number = 6328, pages = {919&ndash;919}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {Protect Iran{\textquoteright}s ancient forest from logging}, volume = 355, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 müller2017protect %A Müller, Jörg %A Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro %A Thorn, Simon %D 2017 %I American Association for the Advancement of Science %J Science %N 6328 %P 919--919 %R 10.1126/science.aam8810 %T Protect Irantextquoterights ancient forest from logging %U https://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6328/919 %V 355
• Thom, Dominik ; Rammer, Werner ; Dirnböck, Thomas ; Müller, Jörg ; Kobler, Johannes ; Katzensteiner, Klaus ; Helm, Norbert ; Seidl, Rupert: The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape. In: Journal of Applied Ecology vol. 54 (2017), Nr. 1, pp. 28-38
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thom2017impacts, author = {Thom, Dominik and Rammer, Werner and Dirnböck, Thomas and Müller, Jörg and Kobler, Johannes and Katzensteiner, Klaus and Helm, Norbert and Seidl, Rupert}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {biodiversity climatechange conservation diversity insect management myown}, number = 1, pages = {28-38}, title = {The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape}, volume = 54, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thom2017impacts %A Thom, Dominik %A Rammer, Werner %A Dirnböck, Thomas %A Müller, Jörg %A Kobler, Johannes %A Katzensteiner, Klaus %A Helm, Norbert %A Seidl, Rupert %D 2017 %J Journal of Applied Ecology %N 1 %P 28-38 %R 10.1111/1365-2664.12644 %T The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape %U /brokenurl# https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12644 %V 54
• Cho, Yoori ; Lee, Dowon ; Bae, So-Yeon: Effects of vegetation structure and human impact on understory honey plant richness: Implications for pollinator visitation. In: Journal of Ecology and Environment vol. 41 (2017), Nr. 2
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{noauthororeditor, author = {Cho, Yoori and Lee, Dowon and Bae, So-Yeon}, journal = {Journal of Ecology and Environment}, keywords = {airborne apismellifera forestecology lidar myown pollinationservice vegetationstructure}, month = {dec}, number = 2, title = {Effects of vegetation structure and human impact on understory honey plant richness: Implications for pollinator visitation}, volume = 41, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Cho, Yoori %A Lee, Dowon %A Bae, So-Yeon %D 2017 %J Journal of Ecology and Environment %N 2 %R 10.1186/s41610-016-0020-1 %T Effects of vegetation structure and human impact on understory honey plant richness: Implications for pollinator visitation %U https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-016-0020-1 %V 41
• Farwig, Nina ; Ammer, Christian ; Annighöfer, Peter ; Baur, Bruno ; Behringer, David ; Diekötter, Tim ; Hotes, Stefan ; Leyer, Ilona ; Müller, Jörg ; et al.: Bridging science and practice in conservation: Deficits and challenges from a research perspective. In: Basic and Applied Ecology vol. 24, Elsevier BV (2017), pp. 1-8
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Farwig_2017, abstract = {Biodiversity is being lost at alarming rates in spite of efforts to conserve ecosystems, species and genetic diversity. There is broad consensus that biodiversity conservation needs to become more effective, and this requires an analysis of the causes that have prevented previous efforts from reaching their goal. A lack of knowledge exchange and cooperation between science and practice has been identified as a key issue in this context. Scientific knowledge frequently does not find its way into conservation practice, and information requirements by practitioners are often not considered appropriately by scientists. Here, we summarize deficits and challenges in the relationship between science and practice in conservation and outline approaches to achieving more effective knowledge exchange and collaboration at the interface between both. We propose that existing platforms for communication need to be complemented by independent institutions in particular at national and sub-national levels to facilitate successful co-production of knowledge as a prerequisite for effective conservation measures.}, author = {Farwig, Nina and Ammer, Christian and Annighöfer, Peter and Baur, Bruno and Behringer, David and Diekötter, Tim and Hotes, Stefan and Leyer, Ilona and Müller, Jörg and Peter, Franziska and Riecken, Uwe and Bessel, Anne and Thorn, Simon and Werk, Klaus and Ziegenhagen, Birgit}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, keywords = {boundaryinstitution communicationplatform knowledgeexchange myown}, month = {nov}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Bridging science and practice in conservation: Deficits and challenges from a research perspective}, volume = 24, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Farwig_2017 %A Farwig, Nina %A Ammer, Christian %A Annighöfer, Peter %A Baur, Bruno %A Behringer, David %A Diekötter, Tim %A Hotes, Stefan %A Leyer, Ilona %A Müller, Jörg %A Peter, Franziska %A Riecken, Uwe %A Bessel, Anne %A Thorn, Simon %A Werk, Klaus %A Ziegenhagen, Birgit %D 2017 %I Elsevier BV %J Basic and Applied Ecology %P 1-8 %R 10.1016/j.baae.2017.08.007 %T Bridging science and practice in conservation: Deficits and challenges from a research perspective %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.baae.2017.08.007 %V 24 %X Biodiversity is being lost at alarming rates in spite of efforts to conserve ecosystems, species and genetic diversity. There is broad consensus that biodiversity conservation needs to become more effective, and this requires an analysis of the causes that have prevented previous efforts from reaching their goal. A lack of knowledge exchange and cooperation between science and practice has been identified as a key issue in this context. Scientific knowledge frequently does not find its way into conservation practice, and information requirements by practitioners are often not considered appropriately by scientists. Here, we summarize deficits and challenges in the relationship between science and practice in conservation and outline approaches to achieving more effective knowledge exchange and collaboration at the interface between both. We propose that existing platforms for communication need to be complemented by independent institutions in particular at national and sub-national levels to facilitate successful co-production of knowledge as a prerequisite for effective conservation measures.
• Müller, Jörg ; Brandl, Roland ; Brändle, Martin ; Förster, Bernhard ; Cancian de Araujo, Bruno ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Ladas, Alexander ; Wagner, Martin ; Maraun, Mark ; et al.: LiDAR‐derived canopy structure supports the more‐individuals hypothesis for arthropod diversity in temperate forests. In: Oikos vol. 127 (2017), Nr. 6, pp. 814-824
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{müller2017lidarderived, author = {Müller, Jörg and Brandl, Roland and Brändle, Martin and Förster, Bernhard and Cancian de Araujo, Bruno and Gossner, Martin M. and Ladas, Alexander and Wagner, Martin and Maraun, Mark and Schall, Peter and Schmidt, Stefan and Heurich, Marco and Thorn, Simon and Seibold, Sebastian}, journal = {Oikos}, keywords = {myown}, month = {nov}, number = 6, pages = {814-824}, title = {LiDAR‐derived canopy structure supports the more‐individuals hypothesis for arthropod diversity in temperate forests}, volume = 127, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 müller2017lidarderived %A Müller, Jörg %A Brandl, Roland %A Brändle, Martin %A Förster, Bernhard %A Cancian de Araujo, Bruno %A Gossner, Martin M. %A Ladas, Alexander %A Wagner, Martin %A Maraun, Mark %A Schall, Peter %A Schmidt, Stefan %A Heurich, Marco %A Thorn, Simon %A Seibold, Sebastian %D 2017 %J Oikos %N 6 %P 814-824 %R 10.1111/oik.04972 %T LiDAR‐derived canopy structure supports the more‐individuals hypothesis for arthropod diversity in temperate forests %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/oik.04972 %V 127
• Quillfeldt, Petra ; Thorn, Simon ; Richter, Benjamin ; Nabte, Marcela ; Coria, Nestor ; Masello, Juan F. ; Massaro, Melanie ; Neves, Verónica C. ; Libertelli, Marcela: Testing the usefulness of hydrogen and compound-specific stable isotope analyses in seabird feathers: a case study in two sympatric Antarctic storm-petrels. In: Marine Biology vol. 164 (2017), Nr. 192
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Quillfeldt2017, abstract = {Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes provide tools to investigate ecological segregation, prey choice and spatial distribution in seabirds. However, the interpretation of stable isotopes is frequently hampered by a lack of isotopic baseline data. In this study, two techniques proposed to overcome such shortages were tested: compound-specific isotope analyses of amino acids (AA-CSIA) and the analysis of hydrogen stable isotope ratios (HSIA). Feathers of two sympatric storm-petrels were compared. The two species, Black-bellied storm-petrels Fregetta tropica and Wilson's storm-petrels Oceanites oceanicus, moult in oceanic waters and differ in diet composition. For HSIA, a range of species with broad diet and non-breeding distribution was also investigated. Differences in carbon isotope values suggested differences in the spatial distribution and thus, in isotopic baseline values, during moult. Bulk nitrogen analyses of adult feathers did not detect species differences in trophic level. However, AA-CSIA detected clear differences in trophic levels in line with expectations: Black-bellied storm-petrels fed at a higher trophic level than Wilson`s storm-petrels. Hydrogen values also differed between the species, but contrary to expectations were highly enriched in Black-bellied storm-petrels, but much less enriched in Wilson's storm-petrels. Hydrogen data of seven petrel species challenge the suggestion that depleted $\delta$D values indicate a higher percentage of isosmotic fish. The present results suggest that the difference in hydrogen ratios may be explained by these petrels moulting in different ocean zones. Amino acid-specific stable isotope analyses were useful for estimating isotopic baselines and thus true trophic levels, whereas hydrogen isotopes were not.}, author = {Quillfeldt, Petra and Thorn, Simon and Richter, Benjamin and Nabte, Marcela and Coria, Nestor and Masello, Juan F. and Massaro, Melanie and Neves, Ver{ó}nica C. and Libertelli, Marcela}, journal = {Marine Biology}, keywords = {myown}, month = {sep}, number = 192, title = {Testing the usefulness of hydrogen and compound-specific stable isotope analyses in seabird feathers: a case study in two sympatric Antarctic storm-petrels}, volume = 164, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Quillfeldt2017 %A Quillfeldt, Petra %A Thorn, Simon %A Richter, Benjamin %A Nabte, Marcela %A Coria, Nestor %A Masello, Juan F. %A Massaro, Melanie %A Neves, Verónica C. %A Libertelli, Marcela %D 2017 %J Marine Biology %N 192 %R 10.1007/s00227-017-3224-8 %T Testing the usefulness of hydrogen and compound-specific stable isotope analyses in seabird feathers: a case study in two sympatric Antarctic storm-petrels %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3224-8 %V 164 %X Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes provide tools to investigate ecological segregation, prey choice and spatial distribution in seabirds. However, the interpretation of stable isotopes is frequently hampered by a lack of isotopic baseline data. In this study, two techniques proposed to overcome such shortages were tested: compound-specific isotope analyses of amino acids (AA-CSIA) and the analysis of hydrogen stable isotope ratios (HSIA). Feathers of two sympatric storm-petrels were compared. The two species, Black-bellied storm-petrels Fregetta tropica and Wilson's storm-petrels Oceanites oceanicus, moult in oceanic waters and differ in diet composition. For HSIA, a range of species with broad diet and non-breeding distribution was also investigated. Differences in carbon isotope values suggested differences in the spatial distribution and thus, in isotopic baseline values, during moult. Bulk nitrogen analyses of adult feathers did not detect species differences in trophic level. However, AA-CSIA detected clear differences in trophic levels in line with expectations: Black-bellied storm-petrels fed at a higher trophic level than Wilson`s storm-petrels. Hydrogen values also differed between the species, but contrary to expectations were highly enriched in Black-bellied storm-petrels, but much less enriched in Wilson's storm-petrels. Hydrogen data of seven petrel species challenge the suggestion that depleted \($\delta$\)D values indicate a higher percentage of isosmotic fish. The present results suggest that the difference in hydrogen ratios may be explained by these petrels moulting in different ocean zones. Amino acid-specific stable isotope analyses were useful for estimating isotopic baselines and thus true trophic levels, whereas hydrogen isotopes were not.
• Dieler, Jochen ; Uhl, Enno ; Biber, Peter ; Müller, Jörg ; Rötzer, Thomas ; Pretzsch, Hans: Effect of forest stand management on species composition, structural diversity, and productivity in the temperate zone of Europe. In: European Journal of Forest Research vol. 136 (2017), Nr. 4, pp. 739-766
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{dieler2017effect, abstract = {Forests in Central Europe have been used since centuries and were systematically changed by silvicultural practices since the late 1700s. Focusing on possible biodiversity losses, forest stand management primarily impacts on the biodiversity attributes `composition, structure and functioning' that are interlinked and incorporate different organizational and spatial ecosystem levels. Forest stand management can manipulate tree species diversity, which in turn affects stand structure and finally leads to changes in forest functions and services. We used meta-analyses to review 49 papers with 197 comparisons on compositional and structural diversity between unmanaged and managed forests as well as 53 comparisons of biomass productivity between mixed and monoculture forests throughout the temperate biome of Europe. Besides management impacts, for species and structural comparisons, we took time since abandonment of forest stand management into consideration when dealing with unmanaged forests. For species richness and diversity, we could not detect significant management effects; no significant influences of time since abandonment of management could be identified either. Structural attributes partly revealed considerable responses to forest stand management. Importantly, deadwood quantity, the number of microhabitats, and tree size diversity were reduced by forest stand management, while no effect was found for stand basal area and the number of living trees. Some of these effects become more pronounced with increasing time since abandonment. Forest productivity was significantly enhanced by regular moderate thinning compared with untreated stands and by tree species mixing compared with monospecific stands. Based on these results, we discuss the role of direct and indirect silvicultural effects, interactions between biodiversity components, the problem of defining the unmanaged reference state, and perspectives for forest stand management in practice.}, author = {Dieler, Jochen and Uhl, Enno and Biber, Peter and M{ü}ller, J{ö}rg and R{ö}tzer, Thomas and Pretzsch, Hans}, journal = {European Journal of Forest Research}, keywords = {biodiversity composition forest management metaanalysis myown productivity structure}, month = {aug}, number = 4, pages = {739-766}, title = {Effect of forest stand management on species composition, structural diversity, and productivity in the temperate zone of Europe}, volume = 136, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 dieler2017effect %A Dieler, Jochen %A Uhl, Enno %A Biber, Peter %A Müller, Jörg %A Rötzer, Thomas %A Pretzsch, Hans %D 2017 %J European Journal of Forest Research %N 4 %P 739-766 %R 10.1007/s10342-017-1056-1 %T Effect of forest stand management on species composition, structural diversity, and productivity in the temperate zone of Europe %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1056-1 %V 136 %X Forests in Central Europe have been used since centuries and were systematically changed by silvicultural practices since the late 1700s. Focusing on possible biodiversity losses, forest stand management primarily impacts on the biodiversity attributes `composition, structure and functioning' that are interlinked and incorporate different organizational and spatial ecosystem levels. Forest stand management can manipulate tree species diversity, which in turn affects stand structure and finally leads to changes in forest functions and services. We used meta-analyses to review 49 papers with 197 comparisons on compositional and structural diversity between unmanaged and managed forests as well as 53 comparisons of biomass productivity between mixed and monoculture forests throughout the temperate biome of Europe. Besides management impacts, for species and structural comparisons, we took time since abandonment of forest stand management into consideration when dealing with unmanaged forests. For species richness and diversity, we could not detect significant management effects; no significant influences of time since abandonment of management could be identified either. Structural attributes partly revealed considerable responses to forest stand management. Importantly, deadwood quantity, the number of microhabitats, and tree size diversity were reduced by forest stand management, while no effect was found for stand basal area and the number of living trees. Some of these effects become more pronounced with increasing time since abandonment. Forest productivity was significantly enhanced by regular moderate thinning compared with untreated stands and by tree species mixing compared with monospecific stands. Based on these results, we discuss the role of direct and indirect silvicultural effects, interactions between biodiversity components, the problem of defining the unmanaged reference state, and perspectives for forest stand management in practice.
• Ulyshen, Michael D. ; Shefferson, Richard ; Horn, Scott ; Taylor, Melanie K. ; Bush, Bryana ; Brownie, Cavell ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Strickland, Michael S.: Below‐ and above‐ground effects of deadwood and termites in plantation forests. In: Ecosphere vol. 8 (2017), Nr. 8
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{ulyshen2017below, abstract = {Deadwood is an important legacy structure in managed forests, providing continuity in shelter and resource availability for many organisms and acting as a vehicle by which nutrients can be passed from one stand to the next following a harvest. Despite existing at the interface between below- and above-ground systems, however, much remains unknown about the role woody debris plays in linking these zones. More-over, it remains untested whether the accelerative effects of wood-feeding insects on wood decomposition influence tree growth or nutritional status in forests. In this study, we added different quantities of pine logs to the bases of saplings in two-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) plantations in Mississippi, USA. We included a treatment in which subterranean termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae:Reticulitermes)were excluded from logs to determine how these insects affect the release of nutrients from wood and, in turn, tree growth. After 51 months of decomposition, we quantified below-ground effects by measuring microbial biomass, plant-available forms of N, and ectomycorrhizal diversity associated with fine tree roots. Mean-while, above-ground measurements focused on the elemental concentrations in decomposing wood either protected or unprotected from termites and tree metrics related to growth and nutrient status. We found additions of wood to significantly increase nitrate and potential net nitrification relative to reference treatments but detected no significant effects on tree growth, needle nitrogen concentrations, or ectomycorrhizal diversity. Soil nitrate and potential net nitrification were higher under protected vs. unprotected logs, and plant-available forms of N were mostly more abundant short distances away from both protected and unprotected logs than directly under them. The wood of logs protected from termites had significantly lower concentrations of most elements compared to that of unprotected logs, largely due to the large amounts of soil imported into unprotected logs by termites. Termite exclusion had no measurable effect on tree growth, nutritional status, or ectomycorrhizal diversity, however. Our findings indicate that deadwood and termites both contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties but may have limited short-term local effects on tree growth. Longer-term studies and studies on less fertile sites are needed.}, author = {Ulyshen, Michael D. and Shefferson, Richard and Horn, Scott and Taylor, Melanie K. and Bush, Bryana and Brownie, Cavell and Seibold, Sebastian and Strickland, Michael S.}, journal = {Ecosphere}, keywords = {Isoptera coarsewoodydebris ecosystemservices fertility forest invertebrates loggingslash management mycorrhizae myown productivity saproxylic}, month = {aug}, number = 8, title = {Below‐ and above‐ground effects of deadwood and termites in plantation forests}, volume = 8, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 ulyshen2017below %A Ulyshen, Michael D. %A Shefferson, Richard %A Horn, Scott %A Taylor, Melanie K. %A Bush, Bryana %A Brownie, Cavell %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Strickland, Michael S. %D 2017 %J Ecosphere %N 8 %R 10.1002/ecs2.1910 %T Below‐ and above‐ground effects of deadwood and termites in plantation forests %U https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.1910 %V 8 %X Deadwood is an important legacy structure in managed forests, providing continuity in shelter and resource availability for many organisms and acting as a vehicle by which nutrients can be passed from one stand to the next following a harvest. Despite existing at the interface between below- and above-ground systems, however, much remains unknown about the role woody debris plays in linking these zones. More-over, it remains untested whether the accelerative effects of wood-feeding insects on wood decomposition influence tree growth or nutritional status in forests. In this study, we added different quantities of pine logs to the bases of saplings in two-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) plantations in Mississippi, USA. We included a treatment in which subterranean termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae:Reticulitermes)were excluded from logs to determine how these insects affect the release of nutrients from wood and, in turn, tree growth. After 51 months of decomposition, we quantified below-ground effects by measuring microbial biomass, plant-available forms of N, and ectomycorrhizal diversity associated with fine tree roots. Mean-while, above-ground measurements focused on the elemental concentrations in decomposing wood either protected or unprotected from termites and tree metrics related to growth and nutrient status. We found additions of wood to significantly increase nitrate and potential net nitrification relative to reference treatments but detected no significant effects on tree growth, needle nitrogen concentrations, or ectomycorrhizal diversity. Soil nitrate and potential net nitrification were higher under protected vs. unprotected logs, and plant-available forms of N were mostly more abundant short distances away from both protected and unprotected logs than directly under them. The wood of logs protected from termites had significantly lower concentrations of most elements compared to that of unprotected logs, largely due to the large amounts of soil imported into unprotected logs by termites. Termite exclusion had no measurable effect on tree growth, nutritional status, or ectomycorrhizal diversity, however. Our findings indicate that deadwood and termites both contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties but may have limited short-term local effects on tree growth. Longer-term studies and studies on less fertile sites are needed.
• Lindenmayer, David ; Thorn, Simon ; Noss, Reed: Countering resistance to protected‐area extension. In: Conservation Biology vol. 32 (2017), Nr. 2, pp. 315-321
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{lindenmayer2017countering, abstract = {The establishment of protected areas is a critical strategy for conserving biodiversity. Key policy directives like the Aichi targets seek to expand protected areas to 17% of Earth’s land surface, with calls by some conservation biologists for much more. However, in places such as the United States, Germany, and Australia, attempts to increase protected areas are meeting strong resistance from communities, industry groups, and governments. We examined case studies of such resistance in Victoria, Australia, Bavaria, Germany, and Florida, United States. We considered 4 ways to tackle this problem. First, broaden the case for protected areas beyond nature conservation to include economic, human health, and other benefits, and translate these into a persuasive business case for protected areas. Second, better communicate the conservation values of protected areas. This should include highlighting how many species, communities, and ecosystems have been conserved by protected areas and the counterfactual (i.e., what would have been lost without protected area establishment). Third, consider zoning of activities to ensure the maintenance of effective management. Finally, remind citizens to think about conservation when they vote, including holding politicians accountable for their environmental promises. Without tackling resistance to expanding the protected estate, it will be impossible to reach conservation targets, and this will undermine attempts to stem the global extinction crisis.}, author = {Lindenmayer, David and Thorn, Simon and Noss, Reed}, journal = {Conservation Biology}, keywords = {biodiversity conservationpolicy conservationtargets myown stakeholders zoning}, month = {jul}, number = 2, pages = {315-321}, title = {Countering resistance to protected‐area extension}, volume = 32, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 lindenmayer2017countering %A Lindenmayer, David %A Thorn, Simon %A Noss, Reed %D 2017 %J Conservation Biology %N 2 %P 315-321 %R 10.1111/cobi.12990 %T Countering resistance to protected‐area extension %U https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cobi.12990 %V 32 %X The establishment of protected areas is a critical strategy for conserving biodiversity. Key policy directives like the Aichi targets seek to expand protected areas to 17% of Earth’s land surface, with calls by some conservation biologists for much more. However, in places such as the United States, Germany, and Australia, attempts to increase protected areas are meeting strong resistance from communities, industry groups, and governments. We examined case studies of such resistance in Victoria, Australia, Bavaria, Germany, and Florida, United States. We considered 4 ways to tackle this problem. First, broaden the case for protected areas beyond nature conservation to include economic, human health, and other benefits, and translate these into a persuasive business case for protected areas. Second, better communicate the conservation values of protected areas. This should include highlighting how many species, communities, and ecosystems have been conserved by protected areas and the counterfactual (i.e., what would have been lost without protected area establishment). Third, consider zoning of activities to ensure the maintenance of effective management. Finally, remind citizens to think about conservation when they vote, including holding politicians accountable for their environmental promises. Without tackling resistance to expanding the protected estate, it will be impossible to reach conservation targets, and this will undermine attempts to stem the global extinction crisis.
• Kortmann, M ; Hurst, J ; Brinkmann, R ; Heurich, M ; Silveyra González, R. ; Müller, J ; Thorn, S: Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest. In: Animal Conservation vol. 21 (2017), Nr. 1, pp. 21-30
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{kortmann2017beauty, abstract = {The consequences of different management strategies following natural disturbances are a matter of global concern. In former production forests around the Northern Hemisphere, the abandonment of intervention, such as removal of dead wood, after outbreaks of bark beetles has been increasingly promoted to regain more natural conditions. However, many focal species of conservation, such as the barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus, do not primarily depend on dead wood but might respond indirectly to disturbance‐induced changes of forest structural attributes. We investigated the response of B. barbastellus foraging activity and roost selection by combining acoustic surveys, radio telemetry, and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to characterize B. barbastellus habitat use on different scales. B. barbastellus foraging activity increased with increasing canopy opening. Maternity colonies were recorded exclusively in trees killed by bark beetles. Bats preferred roost trees with a higher volume (m3 ha−1) of live trees in the surrounding, and trees with on average larger diameters than nearby control trees. Our results revealed that outbreaks of bark beetles result in forest structural attributes that are suitable habitat for B. barbastellus. Salvage logging, i.e., the removal of beetle‐affected trees, generally deteriorates the positive effects of bark‐beetle outbreaks on the foraging and roosting habitat of B. barbastellus. We recommend maintaining snags of large diameter if salvage logging is mandatory.}, author = {Kortmann, M and Hurst, J and Brinkmann, R and Heurich, M and Silveyra González, R. and Müller, J and Thorn, S}, journal = {Animal Conservation}, keywords = {myown}, month = {jul}, number = 1, pages = {21-30}, title = {Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest}, volume = 21, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 kortmann2017beauty %A Kortmann, M %A Hurst, J %A Brinkmann, R %A Heurich, M %A Silveyra González, R. %A Müller, J %A Thorn, S %D 2017 %J Animal Conservation %N 1 %P 21-30 %R 10.1111/acv.12359 %T Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest %U https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/acv.12359 %V 21 %X The consequences of different management strategies following natural disturbances are a matter of global concern. In former production forests around the Northern Hemisphere, the abandonment of intervention, such as removal of dead wood, after outbreaks of bark beetles has been increasingly promoted to regain more natural conditions. However, many focal species of conservation, such as the barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus, do not primarily depend on dead wood but might respond indirectly to disturbance‐induced changes of forest structural attributes. We investigated the response of B. barbastellus foraging activity and roost selection by combining acoustic surveys, radio telemetry, and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to characterize B. barbastellus habitat use on different scales. B. barbastellus foraging activity increased with increasing canopy opening. Maternity colonies were recorded exclusively in trees killed by bark beetles. Bats preferred roost trees with a higher volume (m3 ha−1) of live trees in the surrounding, and trees with on average larger diameters than nearby control trees. Our results revealed that outbreaks of bark beetles result in forest structural attributes that are suitable habitat for B. barbastellus. Salvage logging, i.e., the removal of beetle‐affected trees, generally deteriorates the positive effects of bark‐beetle outbreaks on the foraging and roosting habitat of B. barbastellus. We recommend maintaining snags of large diameter if salvage logging is mandatory.
• Kirchenbaur, Tobias ; Fartmann, Thomas ; Bässler, Claus ; Löffler, Franz ; Müller, Jörg ; Strätz, Christian ; Seibold, Sebastian: Small-scale positive response of terrestrial gastropods to dead-wood addition is mediated by canopy openness. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 396, Elsevier BV (2017), pp. 85-90
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{kirchenbaur2017smallscale, abstract = {Terrestrial gastropods can benefit from coarse woody debris, even though they are not saproxylic because dead wood maintains suitable microclimatic conditions and provides food resources and essential nutrients, e.g. calcium. Effects of dead wood on terrestrial gastropods have been studied mostly for coarse woody debris at intermediate and advanced stages of decomposition. However, it remains unclear whether dead wood at an early stage of decomposition and of small diameter has similar positive effects on terrestrial gastropods and how effects of dead wood are mediated by canopy openness. We experimentally exposed different amounts of fresh coarse and fine woody debris on 190 temperate forest plots with either high or low canopy openness and studied terrestrial gastropod activity three years after. Plots with high canopy openness had dense herb layers. Feeding activity of gastropods was higher close than distant to dead wood. This effect was stronger on shady plots. The amount of both fine and coarse woody debris positively affected the feeding activity of gastropods, but only on shady plots. The effect of coarse woody debris amount might be partly due to increased leaf litter accumulation. Our results indicated that dead wood plays a stronger role for terrestrial gastropods in shady than in sunny forests with a dense herb layer and that terrestrial gastropods benefit from both coarse and fine woody debris already at an early stage of decomposition. Thus, conservation strategies that aim at maintaining biodiversity of saproxylic assemblages by retaining or adding dead wood are also beneficial for gastropods, especially in shady forests.}, author = {Kirchenbaur, Tobias and Fartmann, Thomas and Bässler, Claus and Löffler, Franz and Müller, Jörg and Strätz, Christian and Seibold, Sebastian}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {conservation forest leaflitter microclimate mollusca myown snails woodydebris}, month = {jul}, pages = {85-90}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Small-scale positive response of terrestrial gastropods to dead-wood addition is mediated by canopy openness}, volume = 396, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 kirchenbaur2017smallscale %A Kirchenbaur, Tobias %A Fartmann, Thomas %A Bässler, Claus %A Löffler, Franz %A Müller, Jörg %A Strätz, Christian %A Seibold, Sebastian %D 2017 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 85-90 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.03.034 %T Small-scale positive response of terrestrial gastropods to dead-wood addition is mediated by canopy openness %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2017.03.034 %V 396 %X Terrestrial gastropods can benefit from coarse woody debris, even though they are not saproxylic because dead wood maintains suitable microclimatic conditions and provides food resources and essential nutrients, e.g. calcium. Effects of dead wood on terrestrial gastropods have been studied mostly for coarse woody debris at intermediate and advanced stages of decomposition. However, it remains unclear whether dead wood at an early stage of decomposition and of small diameter has similar positive effects on terrestrial gastropods and how effects of dead wood are mediated by canopy openness. We experimentally exposed different amounts of fresh coarse and fine woody debris on 190 temperate forest plots with either high or low canopy openness and studied terrestrial gastropod activity three years after. Plots with high canopy openness had dense herb layers. Feeding activity of gastropods was higher close than distant to dead wood. This effect was stronger on shady plots. The amount of both fine and coarse woody debris positively affected the feeding activity of gastropods, but only on shady plots. The effect of coarse woody debris amount might be partly due to increased leaf litter accumulation. Our results indicated that dead wood plays a stronger role for terrestrial gastropods in shady than in sunny forests with a dense herb layer and that terrestrial gastropods benefit from both coarse and fine woody debris already at an early stage of decomposition. Thus, conservation strategies that aim at maintaining biodiversity of saproxylic assemblages by retaining or adding dead wood are also beneficial for gastropods, especially in shady forests.
• Vogel, Sebastian ; Alvarez, Blanca ; Bässler, Claus ; Müller, Jörg ; Thorn, Simon: The Red-belted Bracket (Fomitopsis pinicola) colonizes spruce trees early after bark beetle attack and persists. In: Fungal Ecology vol. 27, Elsevier BV (2017), pp. 182-188
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{vogel2017redbelted, author = {Vogel, Sebastian and Alvarez, Blanca and Bässler, Claus and Müller, Jörg and Thorn, Simon}, journal = {Fungal Ecology}, keywords = {conservation deadwood myown naturalsuccession resourcepulse salvagelogging}, month = {jun}, pages = {182-188}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {The Red-belted Bracket (Fomitopsis pinicola) colonizes spruce trees early after bark beetle attack and persists}, volume = 27, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 vogel2017redbelted %A Vogel, Sebastian %A Alvarez, Blanca %A Bässler, Claus %A Müller, Jörg %A Thorn, Simon %D 2017 %I Elsevier BV %J Fungal Ecology %P 182-188 %R 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.12.007 %T The Red-belted Bracket (Fomitopsis pinicola) colonizes spruce trees early after bark beetle attack and persists %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.funeco.2016.12.007 %V 27
• Thorn, Simon ; Bässler, Claus ; Brandl, Roland ; Burton, Philip J. ; Cahall, Rebecca ; Campbell, John L. ; Castro, Jorge ; Choi, Chang-Yong ; Cobb, Tyler ; et al.: Impacts of salvage logging on biodiversity: A meta‐analysis. In: Journal of Applied Ecology vol. 55 (2017), Nr. 1, pp. 279-289
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{thorn2017impacts, abstract = {1. Logging to “salvage” economic returns from forests affected by natural disturbances has become increasingly prevalent globally. Despite potential negative effects on biodiversity, salvage logging is often conducted, even in areas otherwise excluded from logging and reserved for nature conservation, inter alia because strategic priorities for post-­disturbance management are widely lacking. 2. A review of the existing literature revealed that most studies investigating the effects of salvage logging on biodiversity have been conducted less than 5 years following natural disturbances, and focused on non-­saproxylic organisms. 3. A meta-­analysis across 24 species groups revealed that salvage logging significantly decreases numbers of species of eight taxonomic groups. Richness of dead wood dependent taxa (i.e. saproxylic organisms) decreased more strongly than richness of non-­saproxylic taxa. In contrast, taxonomic groups typically associated with open habitats increased in the number of species after salvage logging. 4. By analysing 134 original species abundance matrices, we demonstrate that salvage logging significantly alters community composition in 7 of 17 species groups, particularly affecting saproxylic assemblages. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that salvage logging is not consistent with the management objectives of protected areas. Substantial changes, such as the retention of dead wood in naturally disturbed forests, are needed to support biodiversity. Future research should investigate the amount and spatio-­temporal distribution of retained dead wood needed to maintain all components of biodiversity.}, author = {Thorn, Simon and Bässler, Claus and Brandl, Roland and Burton, Philip J. and Cahall, Rebecca and Campbell, John L. and Castro, Jorge and Choi, Chang-Yong and Cobb, Tyler and Donato, Daniel C. and Durska, Ewa and Fontaine, Joseph B. and Gauthier, Sylvie and Hebert, Christian and Hothorn, Torsten and Hutto, Richard L. and Lee, Eun-Jae and Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Lindenmayer, David B. and Obrist, Martin K. and Rost, Josep and Seibold, Sebastian and Seidl, Rupert and Thom, Dominik and Waldron, Kaysandra and Wermelinger, Beat and Winter, Maria-Barbara and Zmihorski, Michal and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, keywords = {barkbeetle climatechange deadwood disturbedforest fire myown naturaldisturbance postdisturbancelogging salvagelogging saproxylic windstorm}, month = {may}, number = 1, pages = {279-289}, title = {Impacts of salvage logging on biodiversity: A meta‐analysis}, volume = 55, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 thorn2017impacts %A Thorn, Simon %A Bässler, Claus %A Brandl, Roland %A Burton, Philip J. %A Cahall, Rebecca %A Campbell, John L. %A Castro, Jorge %A Choi, Chang-Yong %A Cobb, Tyler %A Donato, Daniel C. %A Durska, Ewa %A Fontaine, Joseph B. %A Gauthier, Sylvie %A Hebert, Christian %A Hothorn, Torsten %A Hutto, Richard L. %A Lee, Eun-Jae %A Leverkus, Alexandro B. %A Lindenmayer, David B. %A Obrist, Martin K. %A Rost, Josep %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Seidl, Rupert %A Thom, Dominik %A Waldron, Kaysandra %A Wermelinger, Beat %A Winter, Maria-Barbara %A Zmihorski, Michal %A Müller, Jörg %D 2017 %J Journal of Applied Ecology %N 1 %P 279-289 %R 10.1111/1365-2664.12945 %T Impacts of salvage logging on biodiversity: A meta‐analysis %U https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.12945 %V 55 %X 1. Logging to “salvage” economic returns from forests affected by natural disturbances has become increasingly prevalent globally. Despite potential negative effects on biodiversity, salvage logging is often conducted, even in areas otherwise excluded from logging and reserved for nature conservation, inter alia because strategic priorities for post-­disturbance management are widely lacking. 2. A review of the existing literature revealed that most studies investigating the effects of salvage logging on biodiversity have been conducted less than 5 years following natural disturbances, and focused on non-­saproxylic organisms. 3. A meta-­analysis across 24 species groups revealed that salvage logging significantly decreases numbers of species of eight taxonomic groups. Richness of dead wood dependent taxa (i.e. saproxylic organisms) decreased more strongly than richness of non-­saproxylic taxa. In contrast, taxonomic groups typically associated with open habitats increased in the number of species after salvage logging. 4. By analysing 134 original species abundance matrices, we demonstrate that salvage logging significantly alters community composition in 7 of 17 species groups, particularly affecting saproxylic assemblages. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that salvage logging is not consistent with the management objectives of protected areas. Substantial changes, such as the retention of dead wood in naturally disturbed forests, are needed to support biodiversity. Future research should investigate the amount and spatio-­temporal distribution of retained dead wood needed to maintain all components of biodiversity.
• Winter, Maria-Barbara ; Bässler, Claus ; Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus ; Krah, Franz-Sebastian ; Schaefer, Hanno ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Müller, Jörg: On the structural and species diversity effects of bark beetle disturbance in forests during initial and advanced early-seral stages at different scales. In: European Journal of Forest Research vol. 136 (2017), Nr. 2, pp. 357-373
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{winter2017structural, abstract = {Following disturbances, early-seral stages of forests provide a variety of structures. Whether this variety is a short-term phenomenon or influences forest succession for several decades or even longer is not known. We tested the hypotheses that after spruce dieback caused by bark beetles, a high spatial heterogeneity of stand structures will persist within stands and among stands even in advanced early-seral stages and that species taxonomical and functional diversity measures will reflect this heterogeneity. We used a chronosequence of unmanaged forests in the Berchtesgaden National Park (Germany) consisting of mature undisturbed spruce stands (control), stands belonging to an initial early-seral stage ({\textasciitilde}3 years after disturbance) and stands in an advanced early-seral stage ({\textasciitilde}20 years after disturbance). We analysed diversity and heterogeneity of these forest stands including stand structure, species density, species composition and functional&ndash;phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants, wood-inhabiting fungi and saproxylic beetles within plots, among plots of the same successional stage and among stages. Stands of the advanced early-seral stage were characterized by a high spatial heterogeneity of structural attributes, such as crown cover, regeneration density and spatial distribution of trees. Among-plot taxonomic beta diversity was highest in the advanced early-seral stage for beetles, but lowest for fungi, while beta diversity of plants among plots remained unchanged during succession. The mosaic of successional stages initiated by bark beetles increased the gamma diversity of the study area, especially for fungi and beetles. Our findings support the hypothesis that structural heterogeneity continues for at least two decades at stand and landscape scales and that species turnover among successional stages is a major mechanism for gamma diversity in forests after bark beetle disturbance.}, author = {Winter, Maria-Barbara and Bässler, Claus and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Krah, Franz-Sebastian and Schaefer, Hanno and Seibold, Sebastian and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {European Journal of Forest Research}, keywords = {betadiversity coleoptera myown naturaldisturbance saproxylic vascularplants woodinhabitingfungi}, month = {apr}, number = 2, pages = {357-373}, title = {On the structural and species diversity effects of bark beetle disturbance in forests during initial and advanced early-seral stages at different scales}, volume = 136, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 winter2017structural %A Winter, Maria-Barbara %A Bässler, Claus %A Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus %A Krah, Franz-Sebastian %A Schaefer, Hanno %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Müller, Jörg %D 2017 %J European Journal of Forest Research %N 2 %P 357-373 %R 10.1007/s10342-017-1037-4 %T On the structural and species diversity effects of bark beetle disturbance in forests during initial and advanced early-seral stages at different scales %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1037-4 %V 136 %X Following disturbances, early-seral stages of forests provide a variety of structures. Whether this variety is a short-term phenomenon or influences forest succession for several decades or even longer is not known. We tested the hypotheses that after spruce dieback caused by bark beetles, a high spatial heterogeneity of stand structures will persist within stands and among stands even in advanced early-seral stages and that species taxonomical and functional diversity measures will reflect this heterogeneity. We used a chronosequence of unmanaged forests in the Berchtesgaden National Park (Germany) consisting of mature undisturbed spruce stands (control), stands belonging to an initial early-seral stage (\textasciitilde3 years after disturbance) and stands in an advanced early-seral stage (\textasciitilde20 years after disturbance). We analysed diversity and heterogeneity of these forest stands including stand structure, species density, species composition and functional--phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants, wood-inhabiting fungi and saproxylic beetles within plots, among plots of the same successional stage and among stages. Stands of the advanced early-seral stage were characterized by a high spatial heterogeneity of structural attributes, such as crown cover, regeneration density and spatial distribution of trees. Among-plot taxonomic beta diversity was highest in the advanced early-seral stage for beetles, but lowest for fungi, while beta diversity of plants among plots remained unchanged during succession. The mosaic of successional stages initiated by bark beetles increased the gamma diversity of the study area, especially for fungi and beetles. Our findings support the hypothesis that structural heterogeneity continues for at least two decades at stand and landscape scales and that species turnover among successional stages is a major mechanism for gamma diversity in forests after bark beetle disturbance.
• Kulakowski, Dominik ; Seidl, Rupert ; Holeksa, Jan ; Kuuluvainen, Timo ; Nagel, Thomas A. ; Panayotov, Momchil ; Svoboda, Miroslav ; Thorn, Simon ; Vacchiano, Giorgio ; et al.: A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 388, Elsevier BV (2017), pp. 120-131
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Kulakowski_2017, author = {Kulakowski, Dominik and Seidl, Rupert and Holeksa, Jan and Kuuluvainen, Timo and Nagel, Thomas A. and Panayotov, Momchil and Svoboda, Miroslav and Thorn, Simon and Vacchiano, Giorgio and Whitlock, Cathy and Wohlgemuth, Thomas and Bebi, Peter}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {disturbanceregimes forest myown rangeofvariability resilience socioecological temperate wilderness}, month = {mar}, pages = {120-131}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems}, volume = 388, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Kulakowski_2017 %A Kulakowski, Dominik %A Seidl, Rupert %A Holeksa, Jan %A Kuuluvainen, Timo %A Nagel, Thomas A. %A Panayotov, Momchil %A Svoboda, Miroslav %A Thorn, Simon %A Vacchiano, Giorgio %A Whitlock, Cathy %A Wohlgemuth, Thomas %A Bebi, Peter %D 2017 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 120-131 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.037 %T A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2016.07.037 %V 388
• Seibold, Sebastian ; Bässler, Claus ; Brandl, Roland ; Fahrig, Lenore ; Förster, Bernhard ; Heurich, Marco ; Hothorn, Torsten ; Scheipl, Fabian ; Thorn, Simon ; et al.: An experimental test of the habitat‐amount hypothesis for saproxylic beetles in a forested region. In: Ecology vol. 98 (2017), Nr. 6, pp. 1613-1622
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{seibold2017experimental, author = {Seibold, Sebastian and Bässler, Claus and Brandl, Roland and Fahrig, Lenore and Förster, Bernhard and Heurich, Marco and Hothorn, Torsten and Scheipl, Fabian and Thorn, Simon and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Ecology}, keywords = {Lidar SLOSS beetles deadwood deadwoodenrichment forestrestoration fragmentation habitatamounthypothesis habitatloss islandeffect myown saproxylic woodydebris}, month = {mar}, number = 6, pages = {1613-1622}, title = {An experimental test of the habitat‐amount hypothesis for saproxylic beetles in a forested region}, volume = 98, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 seibold2017experimental %A Seibold, Sebastian %A Bässler, Claus %A Brandl, Roland %A Fahrig, Lenore %A Förster, Bernhard %A Heurich, Marco %A Hothorn, Torsten %A Scheipl, Fabian %A Thorn, Simon %A Müller, Jörg %D 2017 %J Ecology %N 6 %P 1613-1622 %R 10.1002/ecy.1819 %T An experimental test of the habitat‐amount hypothesis for saproxylic beetles in a forested region %U https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.1819 %V 98
• Hill, Steven ; Latifi, Hooman ; Heurich, Marco ; Müller, Jörg: Individual-tree- and stand-based development following natural disturbance in a heterogeneously structured forest: A LiDAR-based approach.. In: Ecological Informatics vol. 38, Elsevier BV (2017), pp. 12-25
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{hill2017individualtree, abstract = {Large-scale severe natural disturbance events drive spatial and temporal patterns of forests by altering forest structure, composition, and functions. In the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany, windthrow events led to large disturbances caused by the European bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Until recently, it was assumed that at the initial stage of regeneration, trees tend to form a homogeneous stand structure, whereas structural heterogeneity is an attribute of later developmental stages. Yet recent studies provide evidence that under certain conditions structural heterogeneity can arise much earlier in stand development. Here we combined LiDAR data and forest growth modeling based on individual trees to develop a workflow for studying forest development in post-disturbed areas in the upper montane regions of the national park. The current forest structure was derived from LiDAR data of individually detected trees and a set of forest structural attributes were derived. The results served as input to simulate tree development spatio-temporally for a period of 80 years. Several spatial statistics, including landscape and spatial point pattern metrics, were calculated to assess the structural heterogeneity. The results showed that naturally regenerating forests on post-disturbed sites reveal structural heterogeneity already at the early-seral stage. Moreover, a significant portion of the eventual old-growth structural heterogeneity might already be determined in the early successional stages. Our workflow highlights the use of multi-sensor aerial remote sensing to provide detailed structural information useful for the investigation of early-phase forest dynamics.}, author = {Hill, Steven and Latifi, Hooman and Heurich, Marco and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Ecological Informatics}, keywords = {disturbance forest lidar myown}, month = {mar}, pages = {12-25}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Individual-tree- and stand-based development following natural disturbance in a heterogeneously structured forest: A LiDAR-based approach.}, volume = 38, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 hill2017individualtree %A Hill, Steven %A Latifi, Hooman %A Heurich, Marco %A Müller, Jörg %D 2017 %I Elsevier BV %J Ecological Informatics %P 12-25 %R 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.12.004 %T Individual-tree- and stand-based development following natural disturbance in a heterogeneously structured forest: A LiDAR-based approach. %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecoinf.2016.12.004 %V 38 %X Large-scale severe natural disturbance events drive spatial and temporal patterns of forests by altering forest structure, composition, and functions. In the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany, windthrow events led to large disturbances caused by the European bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Until recently, it was assumed that at the initial stage of regeneration, trees tend to form a homogeneous stand structure, whereas structural heterogeneity is an attribute of later developmental stages. Yet recent studies provide evidence that under certain conditions structural heterogeneity can arise much earlier in stand development. Here we combined LiDAR data and forest growth modeling based on individual trees to develop a workflow for studying forest development in post-disturbed areas in the upper montane regions of the national park. The current forest structure was derived from LiDAR data of individually detected trees and a set of forest structural attributes were derived. The results served as input to simulate tree development spatio-temporally for a period of 80 years. Several spatial statistics, including landscape and spatial point pattern metrics, were calculated to assess the structural heterogeneity. The results showed that naturally regenerating forests on post-disturbed sites reveal structural heterogeneity already at the early-seral stage. Moreover, a significant portion of the eventual old-growth structural heterogeneity might already be determined in the early successional stages. Our workflow highlights the use of multi-sensor aerial remote sensing to provide detailed structural information useful for the investigation of early-phase forest dynamics.
• Thorn, Simon ; Bässler, Claus ; Svoboda, Miroslav ; Müller, Jörg: Effects of natural disturbances and salvage logging on biodiversity - Lessons from the Bohemian Forest. In: Forest Ecology and Management vol. 388, Elsevier BV (2017), pp. 113-119
  [ BibTeX ] [ EndNote ] [ URL ]
   
  @article{Thorn_2017, abstract = {Severe natural disturbances are common in many forest ecosystems, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Attempts to minimize their effects through forest management include salvage logging. In the Bohemian Forest, one of Central Europe’s largest continuous forests, windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks have affected stands of Norway Spruce for centuries. Over the past decades, these natural disturbances and their management in the Bavarian Forest National Park and the adjacent Šumava National Park in the central part of the Bohemian Forest have been scientifically studied. Owing to a benign-neglect strategy, both windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks have increased stand structural heterogeneity, the amount of dead wood and light availability, which contribute to increased populations of nearly-extinct forest specialists. However, the response of a particular taxonomic group or species strongly depends on its relationship to specific legacies that persist after disturbances. Stand climate but not dead wood appears to greatly influence the diversity of epigeal bryophytes, whereas both factors determine the diversity of epixylic bryophytes. Both the amount and heterogeneity of dead wood seems to be more important than stand climate in determining assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi and lichens. To reduce the population density of bark beetles in the management zones of both national parks, storm-felled spruces are salvage logged, which alters a variety of these legacies and natural successional pathways. Consequently, the numbers of species of wood-inhabiting fungi, saproxylic beetles and epixylic lichens are reduced. Natural levels of biodiversity in salvage-logged areas can be preserved by (1) preserving root plates of storm-felled trees with partly retained trunks; (2) avoiding soil disturbance by using cable yarding instead of harvesters; (3) retaining sun-exposed dry branches of storm-felled trees and snags of beetle-killed spruces; (4) avoiding logging damage of natural regeneration and of large trees that survive disturbances; and (5) bark scratching instead of debarking to avoid bark beetle outbreaks while maintaining biodiversity. Windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks could be utilized to restore intensely managed forests of Central Europe to their natural composition and structure. Furthermore, experimentally mimicked natural disturbances might help in gaining a mechanistic understanding of how natural disturbances affect biodiversity.}, author = {Thorn, Simon and Bässler, Claus and Svoboda, Miroslav and Müller, Jörg}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {Ipstypographus barkbeetle biodiversity forestmanagement myown windstorm}, month = {mar}, pages = {113-119}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Effects of natural disturbances and salvage logging on biodiversity - Lessons from the Bohemian Forest}, volume = 388, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 Thorn_2017 %A Thorn, Simon %A Bässler, Claus %A Svoboda, Miroslav %A Müller, Jörg %D 2017 %I Elsevier BV %J Forest Ecology and Management %P 113-119 %R 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.006 %T Effects of natural disturbances and salvage logging on biodiversity - Lessons from the Bohemian Forest %U https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2016.06.006 %V 388 %X Severe natural disturbances are common in many forest ecosystems, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Attempts to minimize their effects through forest management include salvage logging. In the Bohemian Forest, one of Central Europe’s largest continuous forests, windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks have affected stands of Norway Spruce for centuries. Over the past decades, these natural disturbances and their management in the Bavarian Forest National Park and the adjacent Šumava National Park in the central part of the Bohemian Forest have been scientifically studied. Owing to a benign-neglect strategy, both windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks have increased stand structural heterogeneity, the amount of dead wood and light availability, which contribute to increased populations of nearly-extinct forest specialists. However, the response of a particular taxonomic group or species strongly depends on its relationship to specific legacies that persist after disturbances. Stand climate but not dead wood appears to greatly influence the diversity of epigeal bryophytes, whereas both factors determine the diversity of epixylic bryophytes. Both the amount and heterogeneity of dead wood seems to be more important than stand climate in determining assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi and lichens. To reduce the population density of bark beetles in the management zones of both national parks, storm-felled spruces are salvage logged, which alters a variety of these legacies and natural successional pathways. Consequently, the numbers of species of wood-inhabiting fungi, saproxylic beetles and epixylic lichens are reduced. Natural levels of biodiversity in salvage-logged areas can be preserved by (1) preserving root plates of storm-felled trees with partly retained trunks; (2) avoiding soil disturbance by using cable yarding instead of harvesters; (3) retaining sun-exposed dry branches of storm-felled trees and snags of beetle-killed spruces; (4) avoiding logging damage of natural regeneration and of large trees that survive disturbances; and (5) bark scratching instead of debarking to avoid bark beetle outbreaks while maintaining biodiversity. Windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks could be utilized to restore intensely managed forests of Central Europe to their natural composition and structure. Furthermore, experimentally mimicked natural disturbances might help in gaining a mechanistic understanding of how natural disturbances affect biodiversity.
• Mader, Viktoria ; Diehl, Eva ; Fiedler, Daniela ; Thorn, Simon ; Wolters, Volkmar ; Birkhofer, Klaus: Trade‐offs in arthropod conservation between productive and non‐productive agri‐environmental schemes along a landscape complexity gradient. In: Insect Conservation and Diversity vol. 10 (2017), Nr. 3, pp. 236-247
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  @article{mader2017tradeoffs, abstract = {1. Productive and non-productive agri-environmental schemes (AES) were developed to support farmland biodiversity. This study compares arthropod predators between productive (organic farming) and non-productive (sown flowering fields) AES along a landscape complexity gradient. 2. We compared species richness, community composition and community weighted mean body sizes of 12 306 carabids and 4868 spiders in organically managed cereal fields and flowering fields along a landscape complexity gradient. These data were used to evaluate the conservation success of different AES types for a number of exclusive species, financial incentives and benefits for farmers. 3. Carabids only responded to the AES type and their communities had higher species richness in flowering fields. Spider species richness increased with landscape complexity. Community composition differed between AES types for all predator groups, with the composition of ground-dwelling spiders being additionally affected by landscape complexity. The mean body size of web-building spiders decreased with landscape complexity and the mean body size of female spiders was larger in flowering fields. 4. Both AES types can contribute to the conservation of predator communities. Species richness increased with non-productive AES. Agrobiont species occurred more frequently in productive AES. The overall number of exclusive predator species was lower in flowering fields. 5. We emphasise that there is an additive effect of establishing productive and non-productive AES within the landscape, and a diverse mosaic of different AES types holds the greatest potential to provide a large regional species pool of arthropod predators, while simultaneously guaranteeing financial benefits for farmers from production and subsidies.}, author = {Mader, Viktoria and Diehl, Eva and Fiedler, Daniela and Thorn, Simon and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, keywords = {Araneae Carabidae bodysize communitycomposition generalistpredators myown organicfarming sownfloweringfields subsidies traits}, month = {feb}, number = 3, pages = {236-247}, title = {Trade‐offs in arthropod conservation between productive and non‐productive agri‐environmental schemes along a landscape complexity gradient}, volume = 10, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 mader2017tradeoffs %A Mader, Viktoria %A Diehl, Eva %A Fiedler, Daniela %A Thorn, Simon %A Wolters, Volkmar %A Birkhofer, Klaus %D 2017 %J Insect Conservation and Diversity %N 3 %P 236-247 %R 10.1111/icad.12220 %T Trade‐offs in arthropod conservation between productive and non‐productive agri‐environmental schemes along a landscape complexity gradient %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/icad.12220 %V 10 %X 1. Productive and non-productive agri-environmental schemes (AES) were developed to support farmland biodiversity. This study compares arthropod predators between productive (organic farming) and non-productive (sown flowering fields) AES along a landscape complexity gradient. 2. We compared species richness, community composition and community weighted mean body sizes of 12 306 carabids and 4868 spiders in organically managed cereal fields and flowering fields along a landscape complexity gradient. These data were used to evaluate the conservation success of different AES types for a number of exclusive species, financial incentives and benefits for farmers. 3. Carabids only responded to the AES type and their communities had higher species richness in flowering fields. Spider species richness increased with landscape complexity. Community composition differed between AES types for all predator groups, with the composition of ground-dwelling spiders being additionally affected by landscape complexity. The mean body size of web-building spiders decreased with landscape complexity and the mean body size of female spiders was larger in flowering fields. 4. Both AES types can contribute to the conservation of predator communities. Species richness increased with non-productive AES. Agrobiont species occurred more frequently in productive AES. The overall number of exclusive predator species was lower in flowering fields. 5. We emphasise that there is an additive effect of establishing productive and non-productive AES within the landscape, and a diverse mosaic of different AES types holds the greatest potential to provide a large regional species pool of arthropod predators, while simultaneously guaranteeing financial benefits for farmers from production and subsidies.
• JARZABEK-MÜLLER, ANDREA ; MORINIÈRE, JÉRÔME ; VARANDI, HASSAN BARIMANI ; MÜLLER, JÖRG: Synaptus iranicus sp. nov., a second species of the genus Synaptus Eschscholtz, 1829 from Iran (Coleoptera: Elateridae) discovered by an integrative approach. In: Zootaxa vol. 4232, Magnolia Press (2017), Nr. 4, p. 568
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  @article{jarzabekmüller2017synaptus, author = {JARZABEK-MÜLLER, ANDREA and MORINI{{È}}RE, J{{É}}R{{Ô}}ME and VARANDI, HASSAN BARIMANI and MÜLLER, JÖRG}, journal = {Zootaxa}, keywords = {coleoptera myown newspecies taxonomy}, month = {feb}, number = 4, pages = 568, publisher = {Magnolia Press}, title = {Synaptus iranicus sp. nov., a second species of the genus Synaptus Eschscholtz, 1829 from Iran (Coleoptera: Elateridae) discovered by an integrative approach}, volume = 4232, year = 2017 }
  %0 Journal Article %1 jarzabekmüller2017synaptus %A JARZABEK-MÜLLER, ANDREA %A MORINIÈRE, JÉRÔME %A VARANDI, HASSAN BARIMANI %A MÜLLER, JÖRG %D 2017 %I Magnolia Press %J Zootaxa %N 4 %P 568 %R 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.4.6 %T Synaptus iranicus sp. nov., a second species of the genus Synaptus Eschscholtz, 1829 from Iran (Coleoptera: Elateridae) discovered by an integrative approach %U https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4232.4.6 %V 4232
• Lindenmayer, David ; Thorn, Simon ; Banks, Sam: Please do not disturb ecosystems further. In: Nature Ecology & Evolution vol. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC (2017), Nr. 2
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